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*Citation: Do EK, O'Connor K, Perks SN, Soule EK, Eissenberg T, Amato MS, Graham AL, Martin CK, Höchsmann C, Fuemmeler BF. E-cigarette device and liquid characteristics and E-cigarette dependence: A pilot study of pod-based and disposable E-cigarette users. Addict Behav. 2022 Jan;124:107117. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107117. Epub 2021 Sep 13. PMID: 34555560; PMCID: PMC8511126. | *Citation: Do EK, O'Connor K, Perks SN, Soule EK, Eissenberg T, Amato MS, Graham AL, Martin CK, Höchsmann C, Fuemmeler BF. E-cigarette device and liquid characteristics and E-cigarette dependence: A pilot study of pod-based and disposable E-cigarette users. Addict Behav. 2022 Jan;124:107117. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107117. Epub 2021 Sep 13. PMID: 34555560; PMCID: PMC8511126. | ||
===Truth Initiative article: [https://truthinitiative.org/research-resources/harmful-effects-tobacco/pod-based-devices-juul-are-tied-greater-dependence-e Greater nicotine flux is associated with greater dependence among pod-based e-cigarette users, new research shows]=== | ===Truth Initiative article: [https://truthinitiative.org/research-resources/harmful-effects-tobacco/pod-based-devices-juul-are-tied-greater-dependence-e Greater nicotine flux is associated with greater dependence among pod-based e-cigarette users, new research shows]=== | ||
==2021: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7848783/ “Open-System” Electronic Cigarettes Cannot be Regulated Effectively]== | |||
*"There are at least three advantages to nicotine flux as a regulatory target. First, rate of drug delivery is a key aspect of the extent to which a drug will be abused, and nicotine flux describes the rate at which an ECIG delivers nicotine to the user. If the goal of regulation is to decrease the likelihood that ECIGs will be abused by a population (i.e., non-smoking youth), decreasing ECIG nicotine flux may be an effective way to achieve this goal. Second, a given ECIG’s nicotine flux is a result of all aspects of that ECIG’s characteristics (e.g., construction, wattage, liquid nicotine content) so regulators need not try to focus simultaneously on myriad targets that can evolve over time. Rather, they focus on a product performance target – a range of nicotine emission rates – and manufacturers can choose whatever device/liquid characteristics that they can prove fall within that target performance range safely. Note that the flux target need not be a single value, but rather a range of allowable nicotine flux conditions (i.e., a nicotine emission rate no less than X and no greater than Y), thus allowing for a range of closed system products. Third, a mathematical model can be used to predict the nicotine flux of any ECIG. Thus, regulators have at their disposal a tool that allows them to examine efficiently an array of products to determine if those products meet or fall outside of a specified nicotine flux range. Overall, a performance standard like nicotine flux has clear advantages over multiple product standards. However, as with restricting flavor availability and limiting nicotine content, flux regulation, whatever its advantages, fails in an open-system context where users are able to modify devices and liquids easily." | |||
*Citation: Eissenberg T, Soule E, Shihadeh A; CSTP Nicotine Flux Work Group. 'Open-System' electronic cigarettes cannot be regulated effectively. Tob Control. 2021 Mar;30(2):234-235. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055499. Epub 2020 Mar 17. PMID: 32184338; PMCID: PMC7848783. | |||
==2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6814574/ What is the nicotine delivery profile of electronic cigarettes?]== | ==2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6814574/ What is the nicotine delivery profile of electronic cigarettes?]== | ||
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