ENDS Youth & Young Adults: Difference between revisions

=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37409355/ How do you solve a problem like youth vaping?] ===

* Gartner C. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2023 Jul;42(5):1298-1300. doi: 10.1111/dar.13666. Epub 2023 May 9. PMID: 37409355 No abstract available.

* But the first step to "solve a problem like youth vaping" is to ''define'' the problem. The opening statement "concerns about youth vaping are rising globally" isn't really enough for a scientific discussion, unless it's a discussion about media/political perceptions. In my view, the problem of youth vaping is primarily an ''aesthetic or'' political problem (and I agree, no one wants to see this), rather than a public health risk that should really justify strong interventions that will likely harm adults.  This is because there are really two types of youth vaping: (1) frivolous experience, faddish, transitory and of little current or lasting consequence; (2) the uptake of vaping by young people who would otherwise smoke or have a high propensity to use nicotine. For these adolescents, vaping is likely beneficial - a harm-reduction diversion from smoking. So youth vaping, in public health terms, is a mix of inconsequential and beneficial. We've already seen how that played out in the US in a [https://rodutobaccotruth.blogspot.com/2023/07/astounding-smoking-vaping-statistics-in.html recent blog] by Brad Rodu.  So from a scientific and public health perspective, we need a clear-eyed public understanding of the (non-)problem, before we make trade-offs to solve this problem that may cause actual harm to adults. See Mendelsohn and Hall: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955395923001123?via%3Dihub What are the harms of vaping in young people who have never smoked?]

=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37364525/ An experimental evaluation of the effects of banning the sale of flavored tobacco products on adolescents' and young adults' future nicotine vaping intentions.] ===

* Dunbar M, Setoji CM, Martino SC, Jensen D, Li R, Bialas A, Shadel WG. Addict Behav. 2023 Jun 19;145:107784. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107784. Online ahead of print. PMID: 37364525

* An experimental purchasing study of youth (11-20 years old) in a mock convenience store, examining different conditions with different flavor availabilities:

* The assumption behind flavor bans is that flavor availability will causally deter use among youth (especially non-using youth), which stems from the unproven assumption that because youth often use flavors, that flavors caused youth use. However, there is no evidence for this causation – youth might otherwise use tobacco flavor, as evidenced by youth using no-added-flavors cigarettes for decades previously. This is one of the first studies that evaluates the causality of flavor availability on youth use (another one was a Pinney paper finding that youth interest did not vary across flavor descriptors).

* The results are notable in their lack of causal associations, except in increasing the intention to use tobacco-flavored products among youth who already use e-cigarettes if there are no flavors available (i.e., migrating to the remaining available products). Especially notable is that flavor restrictions did not change intentions to use among non-users (which were already low), which calls into question the fundamental motivation behind flavor bans.

===2021: [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17538068.2020.1860671 Content analysis of the use of fear in the real cost youth e-cigarette prevention campaign]=== <!--T:57-->

*[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538068.2020.1860671?needAccess=true PDF Version]

*Citation: Ziming Xuan & Jasmin N. Choi (2021) Content analysis of the use of fear in the real cost youth e-cigarette prevention campaign, Journal of Communication in Healthcare, DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2020.1860671

===2020: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7789942/ Rescuing Vapers Versus Rescuing Smokers: The Ethics]=== <!--T:59-->

*Citation: Eyal, Nir. “Rescuing Vapers Versus Rescuing Smokers: The Ethics.” Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco vol. 23,1 (2021): 26-31. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa157

*Acknowledgement: The author is grateful to the National Institutes of Health for a grant supplement (to parent grant R01CA190444-04; PI: Delnevo) that supported this work.

===2020: Perverse Psychology How Anti-Vaping Campaigners Created the Youth Vaping “Epidemic”=== <!--T:61-->

Teen vaping did not escalate despite the increased anti-vaping messaging. Adolescents’ curiosity and subsequent experimentation with vaping rose because of anti-vaping messaging.

===2019: E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers=== <!--T:63-->

These results suggest that the laws reduced cigarette smoking cessation during pregnancy rather than causing new cigarette smoking initiation. Our results may indicate an unmet need for assistance with smoking cessation among pregnant teenagers.

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Conclusion: “We document a concerning trend of cigarette smoking among adolescents increasing when ENDS become more difficult to purchase.”

===2015: Study: How does electronic cigarette access affect adolescent smoking?=== <!--T:67-->

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Abstract: “Understanding electronic cigarettes’ effect on tobacco smoking is a central economic and policy issue. This paper examines the causal impact of e-cigarette access on conventional cigarette use by adolescents. Regression analyses consider how state bans on e-cigarette sales to minors influence smoking rates among 12 to 17 year olds. Such bans yield a statistically significant 0.9 percentage point increase in recent smoking in this age group, relative to states without such bans. Results are robust to multiple specifications as well as several falsification and placebo checks. This effect is both consistent with e-cigarette access reducing smoking among minors, and large: banning electronic cigarette sales to minors counteracts 70 percent of the downward pre-trend in teen cigarette smoking for a given two-year period.”

=Young Adults= <!--T:69-->