Template:R

Template documentation[view] [edit] [history] [purge]

For redirect templates, see Wikipedia:Template messages/Redirect pages. For the navigation box regarding the letter R, see Template:LetterR.

Intent

The {{r}} (referencing) template allows to define and invoke any kind of full or shortened references (citations as well as footnotes) in articles in a very intuitive way utilizing an easy-to-remember and very short notation reducing a lot of clutter from article source code, thereby making them easier to read and maintain.

{{r}} provides means for links to references to carry additional information (like pages, quotations and other commentary) in a condensed format, thereby eliminating the need for an additional article section for shortened references (and hence avoiding the problems related to that approach like the extra layer of indirection of links, the real-estate occupied for, as well as the amount of whitespace created by that section, and the often unreliable proprietary linking system with ambiguous or dangling links as well as lacking backlinks from the full citations to the shortened references). Its annotation system can be used to enrich the full citation with information given where a reference gets invoked, to bundle multiple citations into one entry, or to group sub-references under the corresponding full reference (i.e. to implement r-style shortened citations).

By utilizing the MediaWiki Extension:Cite internally (instead of establishing an independent linking system (i.e. WP:CITEREF) on top of it), {{r}} also remains fully compatible with other referencing systems and will take advantage of any future improvements of the underlying system.

It can be used with raw text definitions for the references as well as be combined with other citation templates (like CS1/CS2).

Overview

In its basic format the template provides a compact shorthand for <ref name="RefName" /> citation tags, simplifying syntax so cutting code clutter.

It can also be used to define inline and/or list-defined references (LDR), including nested footnotes inside other footnotes (up to five levels deep). Citations can be provided as raw text citations or through other citation templates (such as the suite of CS1/CS2 citation templates).

Optionally, it allows to provide and display individual page numbers (or other in-source location information) and quotations (including language information and translations) from the source alongside the invocations of a reference (that is, the link to the reference). If the page numbers given are too unspecific for the quotation, an extra page number can optionally be given for the quotation only. The page number will be shown as superscript immediately following the reference link, the other related information is available as tooltip when hovering over that superscript. Plural page parameters have special support for lists and ranges, automatically converting hyphens to endashes—the accept-this-as-written markup to override the automatic conversion is supported as well.

The template allows the definition of reference annotation, which will be collected and appended to the end of the full citation defined earlier. This can be used to accumulate extra notes (including page numbers and quotes from the invocations), allows for citations defined at different locations to be bundled and residing under a single entry, or to group sub-references under the corresponding full reference.

The template parameters can take raw text information, but are also compatible with simple MediaWiki and HTML markup allowing for the usage of links and templates in template parameters. Such markup would be automatically stripped off for tooltip display, but passed on for other purposes (annotation system).

Custom link anchors can be enabled for the reference links as well as for reference definitions and various annotation, thereby allowing to smoothly blend in with other citation systems used on the same page, or to create sophisticated linking schemes with links to individual pieces of contents and backlinks to reference links (i.e. acting as shortened references).

The template allows to define and show a context section in the article prose to indicate which specific statements in the article are supported by the reference, if this isn't already obvious from where the reference link is positioned. The section can be divided into multiple pieces and can overlap with other sections defined for other references.

Missing page numbers can be indicated similar to {{Page needed}}.

For as long as the tooltip feature isn't occupied by the template to display quotations, the template will provide a tooltip by itself explaining the truncated page / location information attached to the link.

The template is compatible with the parameter names of most other citation templates, and it works for normal citations just as well as for any kinds of groups (i.e. for footnotes, including the predefined ones).

Bidirectional support (left-to-right, right-to-left) for citations is available if the corresponding CSS definitions are activated.

The template optimizes the visual kerning in the superscript and has configurable support for line wrapping after or within superscripts (with corresponding CSS).

The template is compatible with editing features such as the pipe trick and template substituting.

(The present implementation supports multiple citations, but this functionality may be moved to a wrapper like {{rr}} in the future in order to introduce a further simplified and more powerful calling convention to the core template {{r}}. For maximum future-compatibility, use {{rr}} when using enumerated parameters (to support multiple citations in one call) or use unnamed parameters.)

For example:

Using <ref>	For example, fact<ref name=Bal/><ref name=Bam/><ref name=Bar/> and fact.<ref name=Bas/><ref name=Bay/><ref name=Baz/> Displays as: For example, fact and fact.
Instead using {{r}}	For example, fact{{r|Bal|Bam|Bar}} and fact.{{r|Bas|Bay|Baz}} Displays as: For example, fact and fact.

{{r}} and <ref> can coexist on the same page, and like <ref>, {{r}} can be used with or without list-defined references. In addition, a |page= or |p= parameter adds the functionality of {{rp}}:

Using {{r}} with |p= parameter	For example, fact.{{r|RefName|p=22}} Displays as: For example, fact.

Usage

In-source-location parameters

The in-source-location of a source can be specified with either |page=/|p= (for a single page), with |pages=/|pp= (for plural pages), or with |location=/|loc=/|at= for other in-source-locations.

The specified page number(s) can be a single page number (287), a list of several pages (xii, 287, 292, 418) or a range of pages (287–288) or any combination thereof. Do not add "Page", "pp.", etc.—just the numbers.

Other in-source-location information can also be used for non-numeric pages, for example: "f. 29", "A7", and "back cover", etc., and can also be used for non-paginated sources, e.g., "0:35:12" for a video source.

Choose one of the template parameters above according to the type of page or in-source-location specified.

While typically only one of these three types of parameters is given, it is also possible to combine them to suit more special use cases. If both, singular and plural page parameters are given at the same time, the plural page info is assumed to be the span of the article, whereas the singular page info is considered to be the page within that span supporting the statement. The template will indicate this by framing the singular page in square brackets following the plural page info. If an in-source-location is given in addition to the page info, the template assumes it to further detail the preceding page info rather than representing some kind of stand-alone in-source location info.

Do not attempt to use multiple aliases of a parameter at the same time. Only one will be chosen and the others may be ignored without error message.

Inline invocation

Usage	Display	Notes
{{r|RefName}}	Text.	Equivalent to <ref name="RefName" />.
{{r|RefName|p=100}} {{r|RefName|page=100}} {{r|RefName|page=[[Hundred|100]]}} {{r|RefName|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=S3JHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA15 15]}} {{r|RefName|pp=100, 102}} {{r|RefName|pages=100, 102}}	Text. Text. Text. Text. Text. Text.	Adds a page number (or other location identifier) within the source. Use |p= or |page= for singular pages, |pp= or |pages= for plural pages, and |at= or |loc= for other in-source-locations. If the article cites only one location in a given source, reduce clutter by coding simply {{r|RefName}} and integrating the location into the main RefName citation.
{{r|RefName|pages=10–14}} (endash) {{r|RefName|pages=10-14}} (hyphen) {{r|RefName|pages=2-14–2-16}} (hyphens and endash) {{r|RefName|pages=2-14-2-16}} (hyphens) {{r|RefName|pages=((2-14)), ((2-16))}} (hyphens) {{r|RefName|pp=3, 6}} {{r|RefName|at=§C}} {{r|RefName|at=Dust jacket}} {{r|RefName|at=para. 7}}	Text. Text. Text. Text. Text. Text. Text. Text. Text.
{{r|RefName|Bam|Bar}}	Text.	Equivalent to {{r|RefName}}{{r|Bam}}{{r|Bar}} or <ref name=RefName/><ref name=Bam/><ref name=Bar/>. Up to nine references may be "bundled" this way.
{{r|1=RefName|2=Bam|3=Bar|4=Bas|p1=100|pp2=10–14|at4=§C}} {{r|1=RefName|p1=100|2=Bam|pp2=10–14|3=Bar|4=Bas|at4=§C}} {{r|n1=RefName|p1=100|n2=Bam|pp2=10–14|n3=Bar|n4=Bas|at4=§C}} {{r |name1=RefName |page1=100 |name2=Bam |pages2=10–14 |name3=Bar |name4=Bas |at4=§C}}	Text.	Equivalent to {{r|RefName|p=100}}{{r|Bam|pp=10–14}}{{r|Bar}}{{r|Bas|at=§C}}. In the example, not all references have pages; make sure that e.g. |1= matches |p1=
{{r|group=Notes|NtName}} {{r|grp=Notes|NtName|NtCam}} {{r|g=Notes|NtName|p=13}}	Text. Text. Text.	group=, |grp=, and |g= parameters are equivalent and echo <ref group=Notes name=NtName/>. If present, the parameter applies to all references in the template.
{{r|RefName|p=100|q=quote from the text}} {{r|RefName|p=100|quote=quote from the text}} {{r|RefName|p=100|quote-page=100|quote=quote from the text}} {{r|RefName|p=100|quote-page=p|quote=quote from the text}}	Text.	p= (or one of its synonyms) is present. |quote= (or |q=) underlines the superscript page number/​location identifier, signaling availability of a quote from the source, which pops up when the mouse is hovered over the dashed underlined bit. |quote-page= or |quote-pages= can be used to optionally specify a specific page or number of pages for the quote only. If this number is the same as what's defined through |p= or |pp=, the special symbolic tokens "p" and "pp" can be used instead of an actual page number. Curved quotes are disfavored by .
{{r|1=RefName|2=Bam|3=Bar|4=Bas|p1=100|pp2=10–14|at4=§C|q1=Quote from 100|q4=Quote from §C}} {{r|n1=RefName|n2=Bam|n3=Bar|n4=Bas|p1=100|pp2=10–14|at4=§C|q1=Quote from 100|q4=Quote from §C}}	Text.	1= and |p1= and |q1= all match.
{{r |n=RefName2 |p=201 |r=Harold Smith (1989). ''Proper Referencing''. Atlanta Press. p. 105, 201.}} {{r |n=RefName3 |r={{cite book |author-first=Harold |author-last=Smith |date=2020 |edition=2nd |title=Proper Referencing |publisher=Atlanta Press |pages=321, 356}} }}	More good prose.	Examples of inline definitions and nested footnotes.
{{r |n=RefName4 |r=Citation A.}} {{r |n=RefName4 |a=Citation B.}} {{r |n=RefName5 |r=Citation C.}} {{r |n=RefName5 |p=102 |a=Note for page 102.}} {{r |n=RefName5 |p=342 |a=Note for page 342.}} {{r |n=RefName5 |p=346 |qp=p |q=Quote from page 346 |a=q}}	Two citations bundled into one entry, or one citation with accumulated commentary from shortened references.	p= or what would be shown as quote in the tooltip, the special symbolic tokens "p" and "q" can be used with |annotation= in order to avoid having to repeat this contents.
{{r |n=RefName6 |r=Citation D. |s=Context6}} {{r |n=RefName6 |p=10 |q=Quote D |a=q |s=Context6}}	Context sections of the article supported by the reference can be defined through {{section}} (or other means , see: LST). The three parts of section "Context6" in this example are shown underlined for illustration purposes.	Note: For this example to work, you will have to view it on the non-transcluded page: Click here! {{R}} will display its "context" as "dotted underline" tooltip (to be distinguished from the "dashed underline" tooltip further up) when hovering the mouse over the reference link. Multiple sections of the same name will be shown merged (without separator, hence include some delimiter like space into the sections). Note the special syntax used to define sections (with empty |begin= and |end= attributes). Keep the size of the selected sections reasonably short and do not forget to define the end of a section. When no name was specified, names are build following this scheme for context sections: "cite_sect-group-name-pagelocation" (where group, name, page (either page or pages) and location refer to the corresponding template parameters and can be empty if omitted).

References section

The ref names may be defined within a {{reflist}} (as illustrated below) or (in the more usual way) scattered throughout the article text using e.g. <ref name="RefName">Reference text</ref> or {{refn|name=RefName|Reference text}}.

===References===
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="RefName">Reference text.</ref>
<ref name="Bam">Bam reference text.</ref>
<ref name="Bar">Bar reference text.</ref>
<ref name="Bas">Bas reference text.</ref>
<ref name="Bay">Bay reference text.</ref>
<ref name="Baz">Baz reference text.</ref>
}}

===Notes===
{{reflist|group="Notes"|refs=
<ref name="NtName">Note text.</ref>
<ref name="NtCam">Cam note text.</ref>
}}

Resulting in:

References

Notes

Alternatively, the references can be defined through {{r}} itself:

===References===
{{reflist|refs=
{{r|RefName|r=Reference text.}}
{{r|Bam|r=Bam reference text.}}
{{r|Bar|r=Bar reference text.}}
{{r|Bas|r=Bas reference text.}}
{{r|Bay|r=Bay reference text.}}
{{r|Baz|r=Baz reference text.}}
}}

===Notes===
{{reflist|group="NB"|refs=
{{r|g=NB|NtName|r=Note text.}}
{{r|g=NB|NtCam|r=Cam note text.}}
}}

Resulting in:

References

Notes

R-style shortened references

The {{r}}-style annotation system can be used to create sub-references (as shortened citations) with back- or crosslinks grouped under their corresponding full citation. There are many possible variants, some illustrated below:

Example 1 (with backlinks and automatic numbering of sub-references, here also with nested citations):

Lorem ipsum{{r|n=C1|r=Citation 1}} dolor sit amet,{{r|n=C1|p=23|a=#[[#L1|^]] p. 23: Quotation from page 23. |link-id=L1}} consectetur adipisici elit,{{r|n=C2|r=Citation 2|p=92}} sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{r|n=C1|pp=56, 59|a=#[[#L2|^]] pp. 56, 59: Commentary on page 56 from review.{{r|n=C2|p=70}}|link-id=L2}}{{r|n=C3|r=Citation 3}}

===References===
{{reflist}}

Resulting in:

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisici elit, sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

References

Example 2 (with crosslinks, here also with nested citations):

Lorem ipsum{{r|n=C1|r=Citation 1}} dolor sit amet,{{r|n=C1|p=[[#P1|23]]|a=<br/>[[#L1B|^]] p. 23: Quotation from page 23.|id=P1|link-id=L1B}} consectetur adipisici elit,{{r|n=C2|r=Citation 2|p=92}} sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{r|n=C1|pp=[[#P2|56]], 59|a=<br/>[[#L2B|^]] pp. 56, 59: Commentary on page 56 from review.{{r|n=C2|p=70}}|id=P2|link-id=L2B}}{{r|n=C3|r=Citation 3}}

===References===
{{reflist}}

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisici elit, sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

References

Example 3 (with crosslinks and locally embedded inline quotations for tooltips, here also with nested citations):

Lorem ipsum{{r|n=C1|r=Citation 1}} dolor sit amet,{{r|n=C1|p=[[#P1C|23]]|qp=p|q=Quotation from page 23.|a=q|leadin=<br/>[[#L1C|^]] p. |id=P1C|link-id=L1C}} consectetur adipisici elit,{{r|n=C2|r=Citation 2|p=92}} sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{r|n=C1|pp=[[#P2C|56]], 59|qpp=pp|q=Commentary on page 56 from review.{{r|n=C2|p=70}}|a=q|leadin=<br/>[[#L2C|^]] pp. |id=P2C|link-id=L2C}}{{r|n=C3|r=Citation 3}}

===References===
{{reflist}}

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisici elit, sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

References

Spacing

Where multiple citations occur in series, {{r}} prevents line breaks between the citations. In this case, |wrap=yes can be used to allow a line break. Alternatively, if line breaks should be allowed also inside a long page / location information, |wrap=forced can be used instead (however, if this actually results in line breaks also depends on the browser, CSS and the skin selected).

Hyphens

Per , page ranges should normally be declared with an ndash ({{r|name=RefName|pages=27–29}}→^[1]) rather than a hyphen. Tools like WP:AWB will automatically convert hyphens to dashes in such instances. For the plural page parameters |pages=, |pp= and |quote-pages= and aliases, {{r}} will automatically translate hyphens into ndashes for display purposes. (This does not apply to the singular and other in-source-location parameters |page=, |p=, |at=, |loc=, |quote-page= and aliases.) If the hyphen is actually desired for whatever reason, the "accept-this-as-written-markup" (which is also supported by {{rp}} and {{ran}}, the family of {{sfn}}- and {{harv}}-style templates, and all CS1/CS2 citation templates) can be used to indicate this ({{r|name=RefName|pages=((27-29)), 41}}→^[1]).

Known issues

Editing features

Because of a technical limitation, some of the standard Wikipedia markup elements that are often used in the article prose do not work within a set of <ref>...</ref> tags, including but not limited to the pipe trick, template substitution and another "nested" set of <ref>...</ref> tags. For example, the following does not work as expected:

1. <ref>[[Help:Footnotes| ]]</ref> (Generates: [[Help:Footnotes| ]]> instead of a wikilink)
2. <ref>{{SUBST:TODAY}}</ref> (Generates: {{SUBST:TODAY}} instead of the date that the edit was made)
3. <ref>Explanatory footnote<ref>Citation</ref></ref> (Generates: Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). </ref>)

Replacing the outermost <ref>...</ref> set with {{r|r=...}} (or {{r|a=...}} allows for the use of the markup elements listed above.

Incompatibilities

Issues in this template make it incompatible with the {{excerpt}} template. {{r}} should not be used in sections that will be transcluded by {{excerpt}}.

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. See a monthly parameter usage report for Template:R in articles based on its TemplateData.

TemplateData for R

Provides a simple wrapper for up to nine consecutive <ref name=RefName/> citation tags that minimizes visual impact on the text which, along with the simpler syntax, increases code readability and ease of editing.

Template parameters[Edit template data]

This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.

Parameter		Description	Type	Status
Reference group	group grp g	The reference group of all the references displayed; see WP:REFGROUP for help. Default Defaults to not being in a group.	String	suggested
Reference name 1	name n name1 n1 1	If this is "RefName", the template displays <ref name="RefName"/>.	String	required
Page number: reference 1	page p page1 p1 1p	Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page is given. Example "2"	Content	suggested
Pages numbers: reference 1	pages pp pages1 pp1 1pp	Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given. Example "34–38"	Content	suggested
In-source location: reference 1	location location1 loc loc1 1loc at at1	Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural page info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	suggested
Page needed: Reason 1	needed-reason needed reason needed-reason1 needed1	Only required if page/location info is missing. Default Defaults to no page/location info missing. Example Actual reason, yes, y	String	optional
Quote: reference 1	quote q quote1 q1	A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified.	String	suggested
Quote page: reference 1	quote-page qp quote-page1 qp1	A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page1. Choose parameter only if singular page is given.	Content	optional
Quote pages: reference 1	quote-pages qpp quote-pages1 qpp1	A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages1. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given.	Content	optional
Quote in-source location: reference 1	quote-location quote-location1 quote-loc quote-loc1 quote-at quote-at1	Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	suggested
Quote language: reference 1	language language1 lang lang1 l l1 quote-language quote-lang ql quote-language1 quote-lang1 ql1	A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English).	Content	optional
Quote translation: reference 1	translation translation1 trans trans1 t t1 trans-quote trans-quote1 tq tq1 xlat xlat1	An optional English translation of a non-English quote.	String	optional
Reference definition 1	reference r references notes note content text refn refs reference1 refn1 r1	Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Example Harold Smith (2020). ''Proper Referencing''. Atlanta Press. p. 201.	String	suggested
Reference annotation 1	annotation annot a annotation1 annot1 a1	Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page1 and q to use quote1. Example Note 1	String	optional
Direction: Reference 1	direction dir direction1 dir1	Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.) Example ltr, rtl	Content	optional
Section: Reference 1	section sec s section1 sec1 s1	Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed. Default If yes is given, the section name is derived from the given group, name and page info automatically. Example ContextSection1, yes, y	String	optional
Content anchor: reference 1	id id1 ref ref1 1ref	Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Link anchor: reference 1	link-id link-id1	Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page. Example Smith2020Page12	String	optional
Quote origin: reference 1	quote-cite qc quote-cite1 qc1	Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Reference name 2	name2 n2 2	If this is "RefName", the template displays <ref name="RefName"/>.	String	optional
Page number: reference 2	page2 p2 2p	Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page info is given. Example "2"	Content	optional
Pages numbers: reference 2	pages2 pp2 2pp	Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural page info is given. Example "34–38"	Content	optional
In-source-location: reference 2	location2 loc2 2loc at2	Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	optional
Page needed: Reason 2	needed-reason2 needed2	Only required if page/location info is missing. Default Defaults to no page/location info missing. Example Actual reason, yes, y	String	optional
Quote: reference 2	quote2 q2	A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified.	String	optional
Quote page: reference 2	quote-page2 qp2	A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page2. Choose parameter only if singular page is given.	Content	optional
Quote pages: reference 2	quote-pages2 qpp2	A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages2. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given.	Content	optional
Quote in-source location: reference 2	quote-location2 quote-loc2 quote-at2	Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	suggested
Quote language: reference 2	language2 lang2 l2 quote-language2 quote-lang2 ql2	A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English).	Content	optional
Quote translation: reference 2	translation2 trans2 t2 trans-quote2 tq2 xlat2	An optional English translation of a non-English quote.	String	optional
Reference definition 2	reference2 refn2 r2	Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Example Harold Smith (2020). ''Proper Referencing''. Atlanta Press. p. 201.	String	optional
Reference annotation 2	annotation2 annot2 a2	Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page2 and q to use quote2. Example Note 2	String	optional
Direction: Reference 2	direction2 dir2	Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.) Example ltr, rtl	Content	optional
Section: Reference 2	section2 sec2 s2	Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed. Default If yes is given, the section name is derived from the given group, name and page info automatically. Example ContextSection2, yes, y	String	optional
Content anchor: reference 2	id2 ref2 2ref	Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Link anchor: reference 2	link-id2	Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page. Example Smith2020Page12	String	optional
Quote origin: reference 2	quote-cite2 qc2	Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Reference name 3	name3 n3 3	If this is "RefName", the template displays <ref name="RefName"/>.	String	optional
Page number: reference 3	page3 p3 3p	Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page info is given. Example "2"	Content	optional
Pages numbers: reference 3	pages3 pp3 3pp	Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural page info is given. Example "34–38"	Content	optional
In-source-location: reference 3	location3 loc3 3loc at3	Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	optional
Page needed: Reason 3	needed-reason3 needed3	Only required if page/location info is missing. Default Defaults to no page/location info missing. Example Actual reason, yes, y	String	optional
Quote: reference 3	quote3 q3	A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified.	String	optional
Quote page: reference 3	quote-page3 qp3	A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page3. Choose parameter only if singular page is given.	Content	optional
Quote pages: reference 3	quote-pages3 qpp3	A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages3. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given.	Content	optional
Quote in-source location: reference 3	quote-location3 quote-loc3 quote-at3	Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	suggested
Quote language: reference 3	language3 lang3 l3 quote-language3 quote-lang3 ql3	A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English).	Content	optional
Quote translation: reference 3	translation3 trans3 t3 trans-quote3 tq3 xlat3	An optional English translation of a non-English quote.	String	optional
Reference definition 3	reference3 refn3 r3	Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Example Harold Smith (2020). ''Proper Referencing''. Atlanta Press. p. 201.	String	optional
Reference annotation 3	annotation3 annot3 a3	Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page3 and q to use quote3. Example Note 3	String	optional
Direction: Reference 3	direction3 dir3	Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.) Example ltr, rtl	Content	optional
Section: Reference 3	section3 sec3 s3	Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed. Default If yes is given, the section name is derived from the given group, name and page info automatically. Example ContextSection3, yes, y	String	optional
Content anchor: reference 3	id3 ref3 3ref	Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Link anchor: reference 3	link-id3	Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page. Example Smith2020Page12	String	optional
Quote origin: reference 3	quote-cite3 qc3	Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Reference name 4	name4 n4 4	If this is "RefName", the template displays <ref name="RefName"/>.	String	optional
Page number: reference 4	page4 p4 4p	Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page info is given. Example "2"	Content	optional
Pages numbers: reference 4	pages4 pp4 4pp	Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural page info is given. Example "34–38"	Content	optional
In-source-location: reference 4	location4 loc4 4loc at4	Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	optional
Page needed: Reason 4	needed-reason4 needed4	Only required if page/location info is missing. Default Defaults to no page/location info missing. Example Actual reason, yes, y	String	optional
Quote: reference 4	quote4 q4	A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified.	String	optional
Quote page: reference 4	quote-page4 qp4	A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page4. Choose parameter only if singular page is given.	Content	optional
Quote pages: reference 4	quote-pages4 qpp4	A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages4. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given.	Content	optional
Quote in-source location: reference 4	quote-location4 quote-loc4 quote-at4	Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	suggested
Quote language: reference 4	language4 lang4 l4 quote-language4 quote-lang4 ql4	A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English).	Content	optional
Quote translation: reference 4	translation4 trans4 t4 trans-quote4 tq4 xlat4	An optional English translation of a non-English quote.	String	optional
Reference definition 4	reference4 refn4 r4	Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Example Harold Smith (2020). ''Proper Referencing''. Atlanta Press. p. 201.	String	optional
Reference annotation 4	annotation4 annot4 a4	Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page4 and q to use quote4. Example Note 4	String	optional
Direction: Reference 4	direction4 dir4	Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.) Example ltr, rtl	Content	optional
Section: Reference 4	section4 sec4 s4	Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed. Default If yes is given, the section name is derived from the given group, name and page info automatically. Example ContextSection4, yes, y	String	optional
Content anchor: reference 4	id4 ref4 4ref	Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Link anchor: reference 4	link-id4	Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page. Example Smith2020Page12	String	optional
Quote origin: reference 4	quote-cite4 qc4	Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Reference name 5	name5 n5 5	If this is "RefName", the template displays <ref name="RefName"/>.	String	optional
Page number: reference 5	page5 p5 5p	Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page info is given. Example "2"	Content	optional
Pages numbers: reference 5	pages5 pp5 5pp	Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural page info is given. Example "34–38"	Content	optional
In-source-location: reference 5	location5 loc5 5loc at5	Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	optional
Page needed: Reason 5	needed-reason5 needed5	Only required if page/location info is missing. Default Defaults to no page/location info missing. Example Actual reason, yes, y	String	optional
Quote: reference 5	quote5 q5	A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified.	String	optional
Quote page: reference 5	quote-page5 qp5	A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page5. Choose parameter only if singular page is given.	Content	optional
Quote pages: reference 5	quote-pages5 qpp5	A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages5. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given.	Content	optional
Quote in-source location: reference 5	quote-location5 quote-loc5 quote-at5	Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	suggested
Quote language: reference 5	language5 lang5 l5 quote-language5 quote-lang5 ql5	A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English).	Content	optional
Quote translation: reference 5	translation5 trans5 t5 trans-quote5 tq5 xlat5	An optional English translation of a non-English quote.	String	optional
Reference definition 5	reference5 refn5 r5	Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Example Harold Smith (2020). ''Proper Referencing''. Atlanta Press. p. 201.	String	optional
Reference annotation 5	annotation5 annot5 a5	Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page5 and q to use quote5. Example Note 5	String	optional
Direction: Reference 5	direction5 dir5	Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.) Example ltr, rtl	Content	optional
Section: Reference 5	section5 sec5 s5	Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed. Default If yes is given, the section name is derived from the given group, name and page info automatically. Example ContextSection5, yes, y	String	optional
Content anchor: reference 5	id5 ref5 5ref	Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Link anchor: reference 5	link-id5	Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page. Example Smith2020Page12	String	optional
Quote origin: reference 5	quote-cite5 qc5	Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Reference name 6	name6 n6 6	If this is "RefName", the template displays <ref name="RefName"/>.	String	optional
Page number: reference 6	page6 p6 6p	Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page info is given. Example "2"	Content	optional
Pages numbers: reference 6	pages6 pp6 6pp	Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural page info is given. Example "34–38"	Content	optional
In-source-location: reference 6	location6 loc6 6loc at6	Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	optional
Page needed: Reason 6	needed-reason6 needed6	Only required if page/location info is missing. Default Defaults to no page/location info missing. Example Actual reason, yes, y	String	optional
Quote: reference 6	quote6 q6	A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified.	String	optional
Quote page: reference 6	quote-page6 qp6	A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page6. Choose parameter only if singular page is given.	Content	optional
Quote pages: reference 6	quote-pages6 qpp6	A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages6. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given.	Content	optional
Quote in-source location: reference 6	quote-location6 quote-loc6 quote-at6	Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	suggested
Quote language: reference 6	language6 lang6 l6 quote-language6 quote-lang6 ql6	A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English).	Content	optional
Quote translation: reference 6	translation6 trans6 t6 trans-quote6 tq6 xlat6	An optional English translation of a non-English quote.	String	optional
Reference definition 6	reference6 refn6 r6	Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Example Harold Smith (2020). ''Proper Referencing''. Atlanta Press. p. 201.	String	optional
Reference annotation 6	annotation6 annot6 a6	Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page6 and q to use quote6. Example Note 6	String	optional
Direction: Reference 6	direction6 dir6	Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.) Example ltr, rtl	Content	optional
Section: Reference 6	section6 sec6 s6	Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed. Default If yes is given, the section name is derived from the given group, name and page info automatically. Example ContextSection6, yes, y	String	optional
Content anchor: reference 6	id6 ref6 6ref	Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Link anchor: reference 6	link-id6	Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page. Example Smith2020Page12	String	optional
Quote origin: reference 6	quote-cite6 qc6	Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Reference name 7	name7 n7 7	If this is "RefName", the template displays <ref name="RefName"/>.	String	optional
Page number: reference 7	page7 p7 7p	Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page info is given. Example "2"	Content	optional
Pages numbers: reference 7	pages7 pp7 7pp	Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural page info is given. Example "34–38"	Content	optional
In-source-location: reference 7	location7 loc7 7loc at7	Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	optional
Page needed: Reason 7	needed-reason7 needed7	Only required if page/location info is missing. Default Defaults to no page/location info missing. Example Actual reason, yes, y	String	optional
Quote: reference 7	quote7 q7	A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified.	String	optional
Quote page: reference 7	quote-page7 qp7	A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page7. Choose parameter only if singular page is given.	Content	optional
Quote pages: reference 7	quote-pages7 qpp7	A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages7. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given.	Content	optional
Quote in-source location: reference 7	quote-location7 quote-loc7 quote-at7	Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	suggested
Quote language: reference 7	language7 lang7 l7 quote-language7 quote-lang7 ql7	A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English).	Content	optional
Quote translation: reference 7	translation7 trans7 t7 trans-quote7 tq7 xlat7	An optional English translation of a non-English quote.	String	optional
Reference definition 7	reference7 refn7 r7	Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Example Harold Smith (2020). ''Proper Referencing''. Atlanta Press. p. 201.	String	optional
Reference annotation 7	annotation7 annot7 a7	Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page7 and q to use quote7. Example Note 7	String	optional
Direction: Reference 7	direction7 dir7	Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.) Example ltr, rtl	Content	optional
Section: Reference 7	section7 sec7 s7	Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed. Default If yes is given, the section name is derived from the given group, name and page info automatically. Example ContextSection7, yes, y	String	optional
Content anchor: reference 7	id7 ref7 7ref	Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Link anchor: reference 7	link-id7	Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page. Example Smith2020Page12	String	optional
Quote origin: reference 7	quote-cite7 qc7	Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Reference name 8	name8 n8 8	If this is "RefName", the template displays <ref name="RefName"/>.	String	optional
Page number: reference 8	page8 p8 8p	Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page info is given. Example "2"	Content	optional
Pages numbers: reference 8	pages8 pp8 8pp	Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural page info is given. Example "34–38"	Content	optional
In-source-location: reference 8	location8 loc8 8loc at8	Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	optional
Page needed: Reason 8	needed-reason8 needed8	Only required if page/location info is missing. Default Defaults to no page/location info missing. Example Actual reason, yes, y	String	optional
Quote: reference 8	quote8 q8	A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified.	String	optional
Quote page: reference 8	quote-page8 qp8	A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page8. Choose parameter only if singular page is given.	Content	optional
Quote pages: reference 8	quote-pages8 qpp8	A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages8. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given.	Content	optional
Quote in-source location: reference 8	quote-location8 quote-loc8 quote-at8	Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	suggested
Quote language: reference 8	language8 lang8 l8 quote-language8 quote-lang8 ql8	A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English).	Content	optional
Quote translation: reference 8	translation8 trans8 t8 trans-quote8 tq8 xlat8	An optional English translation of a non-English quote.	String	optional
Reference definition 8	reference8 refn8 r8	Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Example Harold Smith (2020). ''Proper Referencing''. Atlanta Press. p. 201.	String	optional
Reference annotation 8	annotation8 annot8 a8	Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page8 and q to use quote8. Example Note 8	String	optional
Direction: Reference 8	direction8 dir8	Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.) Example ltr, rtl	Content	optional
Section: Reference 8	section8 sec8 s8	Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed. Default If yes is given, the section name is derived from the given group, name and page info automatically. Example ContextSection8, yes, y	String	optional
Content anchor: reference 8	id8 ref8 8ref	Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Link anchor: reference 8	link-id8	Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page. Example Smith2020Page12	String	optional
Quote origin: reference 8	quote-cite8 qc8	Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Reference name 9	name9 n9 9	If this is "RefName", the template displays <ref name="RefName"/>.	String	optional
Page number: reference 9	page9 p9 9p	Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page info is given. Example "2"	Content	optional
Pages numbers: reference 9	pages9 pp9 9pp	Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural page info is given. Example "34–38"	Content	optional
In-source-location: reference 9	location9 loc9 9loc at9	Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	optional
Page needed: Reason 9	needed-reason9 needed9	Only required if page/location info is missing. Default Defaults to no page/location info missing. Example Actual reason, yes, y	String	optional
Quote: reference 9	quote9 q9	A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified.	String	optional
Quote page: reference 9	quote-page9 qp9	A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page9. Choose parameter only if singular page is given.	Content	optional
Quote pages: reference 9	quote-pages9 qpp9	A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages9. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given.	Content	optional
Quote in-source location: reference 9	quote-location9 quote-loc9 quote-at9	Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given. Example "inside cover"	Content	suggested
Quote language: reference 9	language9 lang9 l9 quote-language9 quote-lang9 ql9	A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English).	Content	optional
Quote translation: reference 9	translation9 trans9 t9 trans-quote9 tq9 xlat9	An optional English translation of a non-English quote.	String	optional
Reference definition 9	reference9 refn9 r9	Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Example Harold Smith (2020). ''Proper Referencing''. Atlanta Press. p. 201.	String	optional
Reference annotation 9	annotation9 annot9 a9	Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page9 and q to use quote9. Example Note 9	String	optional
Direction: Reference 9	direction9 dir9	Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.) Example ltr, rtl	Content	optional
Section: Reference 9	section9 sec9 s9	Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed. Default If yes is given, the section name is derived from the given group, name and page info automatically. Example ContextSection9, yes, y	String	optional
Content anchor: reference 9	id9 ref9 9ref	Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Link anchor: reference 9	link-id9	Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page. Example Smith2020Page12	String	optional
Quote origin: reference 9	quote-cite9 qc9	Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source. Example CITEREFSmith2020	String	optional
Page needed: Date	needed-date date	Only required if page/location info is missing. Example August 2021	Content	optional
Leadin sequence	leadin	To define a leadin sequence prefixing the annotated text. Example Page(s):&nbsp;	String	optional
Postscript sequence	postscript ps postscript1 ps1 1ps postscript2 ps2 2ps postscript3 ps3 3ps postscript4 ps4 4ps postscript5 ps5 5ps postscript6 ps6 6ps postscript7 ps7 7ps postscript8 ps8 8ps postscript9 ps9 9ps	To define a postscript sequence appended to the reference. Example .	String	optional
Line wrapping control	no-pp nopp	Control display of p/pp prefixes (in AMA mode) Default Defaults to no to keep prefixes enabled. Example yes, y, no, n	Content	optional
Display format	style	Control display format (default : style or AMA format) Default Defaults to : format. Example AMA, Ama, ama	Content	optional
Line wrapping control	wrap	To enable automatic line-wrapping between multiple reference links, or to enforce an additional line-break opportunity even within superscripted page strings (may depend on skin) Default Defaults to special line-wrapping disabled. Example no, n, yes, y, forced, f	Content	optional

See also

• {{rr}}, use this for multiple citations in one call (at present just a redirect back to {{r}}, but this may change in the future)
• Help:List-defined references (LDR), which provides all the specifications for using list-defined references, especially with regard to naming references and groups.
• Shortened footnotes in Wikipedia:Citing sources, which describes other methods of citing multiple pages of the same source.
• {{sfn}}, a template that implements another way of citing multiple pages of the same source.
• Help:Labeled section transclusion (LST) for how to define reference support sections to be used in conjunction with this template
• {{Ref supports}} and {{Ref supports2}} alternative methods to use support sections (not compatible with this template)
• {{rp}} to add similar superscripts to citations already defined through other means
• {{rma}} and {{ran}} to control the order of references appearing in the references section
• Citation bundling in Wikipedia:Citing sources, a recommended way of combining a list of several consecutive footnotes into a single footnote.
• Wikipedia:Footnotes
• Wikipedia:Citing sources
• m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Book referencing (abandoned in July 2021)

The above documentation is transcluded from Template:R/doc. (edit | history)
Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (create | mirror) and testcases (create) pages.
Add categories to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this template.