ENDS Flavors: Difference between revisions

ENDS Flavors (view source)

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 =Personal Testimonies from people who used to smoke & Blogs= <!--T:3-->
 ===All Years: Video Collection: [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCY3vMuTdXfL7Z4PAsx7Q5nA/videos Golden Oldies Capitol Tours]=== <!--T:4-->
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 <!--T:5-->
 *People who used to smoke share how long they smoked and what flavors helped them to quit smoking.
 ===All Years: Collection 13,000+ Testimonies: [https://casaa.org/_testimonials/ CASAA - REAL PEOPLE. REAL STORIES.]=== <!--T:6-->
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 <!--T:7-->
 *Online submissions of personal testimonies by people who switched from smoking to harm reduction products.
 ===2021: Letter: [https://clivebates.com/documents/CanadaFlavourBanSept2021.pdf Proposed vaping products’ flavour regulations – a response]===
 *This submission responds to Health Canada’s Consultation on Proposed vaping products’ flavour regulations and order and related regulatory impact analysis.
 ===2021: Letter: [https://clivebates.com/documents/NLFlavoursResponseJan2021.pdf Regulation of e-cigarette flavours – a response]===
 *This document responds to the proposed Decree of the State Secretary for Health, Welfare and Sport on the regulation of e-cigarette flavours in the Netherlands. We provide a summary followed by a detailed discussion of each of the twelve sections in the summary.
 ===2021 Blog: [http://mommavape.blogspot.com/2021/06/gummy-bears-and-cotton-candy.html Gummy Bears and Cotton Candy]===
 *The voice of consumers who are trying to quit smoking continues to be ignored. The use of flavored e-cigarettes was associated with more than twice the odds of smoking cessation among adult users compared to those using tobacco flavors. History demonstrates the adult love of all things candy. If something candy flavored is what helps someone stop smoking, who are we to tell them they can't quit that way?
 ===2019 Blog: [https://clivebates.com/the-us-vaping-flavour-ban-twenty-things-you-should-know/ The US vaping flavour ban: twenty things you should know]===
 *What is the chance that this level of adult panic is, in fact, driving the very behaviour it is worrying about?
 ===2017 Blog: [http://mommavape.blogspot.com/2017/05/cotton-candy-is-not-marketing-to-kids.html Cotton Candy is NOT Marketing To Kids]=== <!--T:8-->
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 *She says "honey, you need to get with the program, we were too poor when I was a kid to afford cotton candy, so now I'm having it whenever I want and any way I want it. Now give me the sweetest thing you got and I want cotton candy the next time I come here."
 *"Ma'am, if you don't mind me asking, how old are you?". She looks at me and says "82, I quit smoking 6 months ago and now I'm going to live to be 102."
 ===2017 Blog: [https://clivebates.com/flavors Are e-liquid flavours really “hooking another generation of kids”?]===
 *To evaluate the demand to regulate these flavours (by which they mean ban them) you first need a framework for thinking about the issue – and that is not simple and may yield surprises.
 =Abuse Liability - All THR Products= <!--T:10-->
 ===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33176942/ Abuse liability assessment of the JUUL system in four flavors relative to combustible cigarette, nicotine gum and a comparator electronic nicotine delivery system among adult smokers]=== <!--T:11-->
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 *[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871620305603 PDF Version]
 *Citation: Nicholas I. Goldenson, August R. Buchhalter, Erik M. Augustson, Mark L. Rubinstein, Jack E. Henningfield, Abuse liability assessment of the JUUL system in four flavors relative to combustible cigarette, nicotine gum and a comparator electronic nicotine delivery system among adult smokers, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Volume 217, 2020, 108395, ISSN 0376-8716, doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108395.
-*Acknowledgement: The study was funded by Juul Labs, Inc.
 ===2003: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12616334/ Subjective effects of the nicotine lozenge: assessment of abuse liability]=== <!--T:13-->
@@ Line 73: / Line 59: @@
 *[https://sci-hub.se/10.1007/s00213-002-1361-2 PDF Version]
 *Citation: Houtsmuller, E. J., Henningfield, J. E., & Stitzer, M. L. (2003). Subjective effects of the nicotine lozenge: assessment of abuse liability. Psychopharmacology, 167(1), 20–27. doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1361-2
-*Acknowledgement: This research was supported by SmithKline Beecham Consumer Healthcare.
 ===2002: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12175452/ Flavor improvement does not increase abuse liability of nicotine chewing gum]=== <!--T:15-->
@@ Line 83: / Line 67: @@
 *[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/s0091-3057(02)00723-2 PDF Version]
 *Citation: Houtsmuller, E. J., Fant, R. V., Eissenberg, T. E., Henningfield, J. E., & Stitzer, M. L. (2002). Flavor improvement does not increase abuse liability of nicotine chewing gum. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 72(3), 559–568. doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(02)00723-2
-*Acknowledgement: This study was supported by SmithKline Beecham Consumer Healthcare.
-<br>
+= Multiple Points=
+===2022: [https://media.thr.net/strapi/34d52398d9056adece15e8bda5172870.pdf?updated_at=2023-08-29T12:28:33.423Z THE CASE FOR FLAVOURS IN TOBACCO HARM REDUCTION, TO SAVE LIVES]===
+*This 2022 updated review evaluates the use of flavours in THR products, specifically, nicotine vaping products. It highlights the link between (flavoured) vaping products and smoking cessation, and the potential benefits and risks of flavours and their availability for public health.
 =Public Health Advantages / Concerns of Public Health Harms= <!--T:17-->
+===2023: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378427423001091 A contextualised e-cigarette testing strategy shows flavourings do not impact lung toxicity in vitro]===
+*"We show that the tested flavours do not increase overall toxicity levels in a flavour or concentration-dependent manner. In fact, we demonstrate that the toxicity of e-cigarette aerosols in vitro derived from all the analysed flavour variants were > 95% reduced when compared to cigarette smoke toxicity."
+*Citation: Bishop E, East N, Miazzi F, Fiebelkorn S, Breheny D, Gaca M, Thorne D. A contextualised e-cigarette testing strategy shows flavourings do not impact lung toxicity in vitro. Toxicol Lett. 2023 May 1;380:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.03.006. Epub 2023 Mar 17. PMID: 36935081.
 ===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32881666/ Investigation on the antibacterial activity of electronic cigarette liquids (ECLs): a proof of concept study]=== <!--T:18-->
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 *This study provides important evidence that should be taken into consideration in further investigative approaches, to clarify the different sensitivity of the various bacterial species to e-liquids, including the respiratory microbiota, to highlight the possible role of flavors and nicotine.
 *Citation: Virginia Fuochi, Massimo Caruso , Rosalia Emma, Aldo Stivala, Riccardo Polosa, Alfio Distefano and Pio Maria Furneri *, “Investigation on the Antibacterial Activity of Electronic Cigarette Liquids (ECLs): A Proof of Concept Study”, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (2020) 21: 1. doi:10.2174/1389201021666200903121624
 ===2019: [https://www.cmaj.ca/content/re-vape-related-popcorn-lung-debunked-years-ago RE: Vape related "Popcorn Lung" debunked years ago]=== <!--T:20-->
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 **There's just one minor fact that is omitted completely in the article, as well as in all the media coverage.
 **That fact: All conventional cigarettes produce tobacco smoke that contains diacetyl, and the levels of diacetyl in cigarettes are a lot higher than those produced by e-cigarettes.
 ===2019: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887233318307768?via%3Dihub High Content Screening in NHBE cells shows significantly reduced biological activity of flavoured e-liquids, when compared to cigarette smoke condensate]=== <!--T:22-->
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 *[https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.018 PDF Version]
 *Citation: Lukasz Czekala, Liam Simms, Matthew Stevenson, Edgar Trelles-Sticken, Paul Walker, Tanvir Walele, High Content Screening in NHBE cells shows significantly reduced biological activity of flavoured e-liquids, when compared to cigarette smoke condensate, Toxicology in Vitro, Volume 58, 2019, Pages 86-96, ISSN 0887-2333, doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.018.
-*Acknowledgements: This work was funded and supported by Fontem Ventures B.V., part of Imperial Brands Group PLC.
-* Keywords: Flavours, In vitro, Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial cells, High Content Screening, E-liquids, Cigarette, flavor, flavoring, flavored
 ===2019: [https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0318-2?optIn=false Toxicity classification of e-cigarette flavouring compounds based on European Union regulation: analysis of findings from a recent study]=== <!--T:24-->
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 *[https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12954-019-0318-2.pdf PDF Version]
 *Farsalinos, K., Lagoumintzis, G. Toxicity classification of e-cigarette flavouring compounds based on European Union regulation: analysis of findings from a recent study. Harm Reduct J 16, 48 (2019). doi: 10.1186/s12954-019-0318-2
-*Acknowledgements: The authors report no conflict of interest for the past 36 months. For the past 60 months, KF has published 2 studies funded by the non-profit association AEMSA and 1 study funded by the non-profit association Tennessee Smoke-Free Association.
 ===2019: [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0222152&fbclid=IwAR1Rqtl6D0eLtqU0-pqJ5vlSlLK2xlJk8rs0djo90oeUAwIdX9IgmYgByZY Effects of flavoring compounds used in electronic cigarette refill liquids on endothelial and vascular function]=== <!--T:26-->
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 *[https://storage.googleapis.com/plos-corpus-prod/10.1371/journal.pone.0222152/1/pone.0222152.pdf?X-Goog-Algorithm=GOOG4-RSA-SHA256&X-Goog-Credential=wombat-sa%40plos-prod.iam.gserviceaccount.com%2F20210106%2Fauto%2Fstorage%2Fgoog4_request&X-Goog-Date=20210106T115250Z&X-Goog-Expires=3600&X-Goog-SignedHeaders=host&X-Goog-Signature=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 PDF Version]
 *Citation: Wölkart G, Kollau A, Stessel H, Russwurm M, Koesling D, Schrammel A, et al. (2019) Effects of flavoring compounds used in electronic cigarette refill liquids on endothelial and vascular function. PLoS ONE 14(9): e0222152. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222152
-*Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant [P24946] to BM.
 ===2018: [https://reason.org/wp-content/uploads/public-health-case-e-cigarette-flavors.pdf A QUESTION OF TASTE: THE PUBLIC HEALTH CASE FOR E-CIGARETTE FLAVORS]=== <!--T:28-->
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 *'''Any policy that harms the exclusive makers of reduced-risk products such as e-cigarettes more than the makers of traditional cigarettes is not in the interests of public health. '''
 *Report Author (55 pages): Guy Bentley
 ===2018: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/research/2018/262-flavors Paper: E-cigarette flavors and aldehyde emissions: another failure to verify findings from a previous study]=== <!--T:30-->
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 **[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.059# PDF Version]
 **Citation: Farsalinos, K. E., & Voudris, V. (2018). Do flavouring compounds contribute to aldehyde emissions in e-cigarettes? Food and Chemical Toxicology, 115, 212–217. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.059
-**Acknowledgement: The study was funded by Public Health England.
 *2017: Follow Up: [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.6b06030 Comment on “Flavoring Compounds Dominate Toxic Aldehyde Production during E Cigarette Vaping”]
 **We would like to point out that the finding is in a stark contrast to previous results.
 **The high levels only happen under dry puff conditions, something avoided by vapers as it is very unpleasant.
 ===2017: [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports/pdfs/2015-0107-3279.pdf?fbclid=IwAR37EOr5p5EwptMhuyrIwEDkfi4qbMh0nRwu6yz2VkY0Um-q138f3LfK64Y Evaluation of Chemical Exposures at a Vape Shop]=== <!--T:32-->
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 *Concentrations of vaping-related chemicals in our air samples were below occupational exposure limits.
 *Citation: NIOSH 2017. Evaluation of chemical exposures at a vape shop. By Zwack LM, Stefaniak AB, LeBouf RF. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Hazard Evaluation Report 2015-0107-3279
 ===2016: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/25/Suppl_2/ii67 Cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping patterns as a function of e-cigarette flavourings]=== <!--T:34-->
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 *[https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/25/Suppl_2/ii67.full.pdf PDF Version]
 *Citation: Litt MD, Duffy V, Oncken C. Cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping patterns as a function of e-cigarette flavourings, Tobacco Control 2016;25:ii67-ii72.
-*Acknowledgement: Support for this project was provided by Grant 1 R01 DA036492 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and in part by General Clinical Research Center Grant M01-RR06192 from the National Institutes of Health.
 ===2015: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/whats-new/whatsnew-2015/234-bo Medical journal misrepresents a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis as popcorn lung disease caused by e-cigarette]=== <!--T:36-->
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 *It was shocking to see a public statement reporting a case of popcorn lung disease in a patient using e-cigarettes. The title of the public release is: “Case report finds 'popcorn lung' in patient using e-cigarettes. Report points to possibility of diacetyl, a flavoring agent in e-cigarettes, to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome”
 *The case report is NOT about popcorn lung disease. The article then goes on to explain why it can’t be popcorn lung.
 ===2015: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273230015001245?via%3Dihub An approach to ingredient screening and toxicological risk assessment of flavours in e-liquids]=== <!--T:38-->
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 *Individual flavours or groups of flavours were added to the tobacco rod and the resultant smoke was analysed for priority smoke constituents and tested in several in vitro tests as well as 90-day rat inhalation studies. In general, addition of the flavours had no effect on, or reduced the levels of most of the measured smoke constituents.”
 *[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.018 PDF Version]
-*Citation: S. Costigan, C. Meredith, An approach to ingredient screening and toxicological risk assessment of flavours in e-liquids, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Volume 72, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 361-369, ISSN 0273-2300, doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.018.
+*Citation: S. Costigan, C. Meredith, An approach to ingredient screening and toxicological risk assessment of flavours in e-liquids, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Volume 72, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 361-369, ISSN 0273-2300, doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.018..
-*Acknowledgements: This work was joint funded by Nicoventures and British American Tobacco (BAT), and the authors are full time employees of Nicoventures and British American Tobacco (BAT).
 ===2013: [https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/10/5146/htm Comparison of the Cytotoxic Potential of Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapour (Vapor) Extract on Cultured Myocardial Cells]=== <!--T:40-->
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 *[https://sci-hub.do/10.3390/ijerph10105146 PDF Version]
 *Citation: Farsalinos, K., Romagna, G., Allifranchini, E., Ripamonti, E., Bocchietto, E., Todeschi, S., … Voudris, V. (2013). Comparison of the Cytotoxic Potential of Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapour Extract on Cultured Myocardial Cells. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(10), 5146–5162. doi:10.3390/ijerph10105146
-*Acknowledgement: The study was funded in part by the Greek Association of E-cigarette Businesses (SEEHT).
+=Regulations or Unintended Consequences= <!--T:42-->
+===2023: [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4586701 E-cigarette Flavor Restrictions’ Effects on Tobacco Product Sales]===
+*"Over 375 US localities and 7 states have adopted permanent restrictions on sales of flavored electronic nicotine delivery systems (“ENDS”). These policies’ effects on combustible cigarette use, a more harmful habit, remain unclear. Matching new flavor policy data to retail sales data, we find a tradeoff of 12 additional cigarettes for every 1 less 0.7 mL ENDS pod sold due to ENDS flavor restrictions. Further, cigarette sales increase even among brands disproportionately used by underage youth. Thus, any public health benefits of reducing ENDS sales via flavor restrictions may be offset by public health costs from increased cigarette sales."
+*Citation: Friedman, Abigail and Liber, Alex C. and Crippen, Alyssa and Pesko, Michael, E-cigarette Flavor Restrictions’ Effects on Tobacco Product Sales (September 26, 2023). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4586701 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4586701
-=Regulations or Unintended Consequences= <!--T:42-->
+===2023: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntad258/7492743 Responses to real-world and hypothetical e-cigarette flavor bans among US young adults who use flavored e-cigarettes]===
+*"Young adults who vape flavored e-cigarettes have mixed responses to e-cigarette flavor bans. Under both real-world and hypothetical e-cigarette flavor bans, most who use flavored e-cigarettes continue vaping. Under a real-world ban, the second most common response among those who exclusively vape is to switch to smoking; under a hypothetical federal ban, it is to quit all tobacco."
+*Citation: Jamie Tam, Evelyn Jimenez-Mendoza, John Buckell, Jody Sindelar, Rafael Meza, Responses to Real-World and Hypothetical E-Cigarette Flavor Bans Among US Young Adults Who Use Flavored E-Cigarettes, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2023;, ntad258, https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntad258
+===2022: PREPRINT: [https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.22282288v1 A decision aid for policymakers to estimate the impact of e-cigarette flavour restrictions on population smoking and e-cigarette use prevalence among youth versus smoking prevalence among adults]===
+*[https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.22282288v1.full.pdf PDF of full paper]
 ===2021: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8145156/ A Difference-in-Differences Analysis of Youth Smoking and a Ban on Sales of Flavored Tobacco Products in San Francisco, California]===
 *San Francisco’s ban on flavored tobacco product sales was associated with increased smoking among minor high school students relative to other school districts. While the policy applied to all tobacco products, its outcome was likely greater for youths who vaped than those who smoked due to higher rates of flavored tobacco use among those who vaped. This raises concerns that reducing access to flavored electronic nicotine delivery systems may motivate youths who would otherwise vape to substitute smoking. Indeed, analyses of how minimum legal sales ages for electronic nicotine delivery systems are associated with youth smoking also suggest such substitution.
 *Citation: Friedman AS. A Difference-in-Differences Analysis of Youth Smoking and a Ban on Sales of Flavored Tobacco Products in San Francisco, California. JAMA Pediatr. 2021;175(8):863-865. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0922
 ===2021: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntab154/6332852?redirectedFrom=fulltext Reactions to sales restrictions on flavored vape products or all vape products among young adults in the US]=== <!--T:43-->
@@ Line 230: / Line 196: @@
 *Free version of full study or PDF not available
 *Citation: Heather Posner, MPH, Katelyn F Romm, PhD, Lisa Henriksen, PhD, Debra Bernat, PhD, Carla J Berg, PhD, MBA, Reactions to Sales Restrictions on Flavored Vape Products or All Vape Products Among Young Adults in the United States, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2021;, ntab154, doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab154
 ===2021: [https://f1000research.com/articles/10-619/v1 Vaping liquid flavour preferences, oral nicotine pouch and cannabis use: A survey of participants in the 2019 Oceania Vape Expo (version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review)]===
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 *[https://f1000research.com/articles/10-619/v1/pdf?article_uuid=853423ae-6086-4c13-a7bc-87b28d81a4a6 PDF Version]
 *Citation: Glover M, Phillips CV, Selket K and Jeffares Y. Vaping liquid flavour preferences, oral nicotine pouch and cannabis use: A survey of participants in the 2019 Oceania Vape Expo [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. F1000Research 2021, 10:619 doi:10.12688/f1000research.54582.1
-*Acknowledgement: This study was conducted by the Centre of Research Excellence: Indigenous Sovereignty & Smoking as part a wider programme of research aimed at building scientific knowledge on how to reduce tobacco-related harms among Indigenous peoples. The funding for that programme of work was obtained following submission of a researcher-initiated application for funding from the Foundation for a Smoke-Free World. The Foundation had no involvement in the conception, design, analysis or writing of the study results, nor did they have any input into the decision to publish. That is, this study was not commissioned by the Foundation.
-<br>
 ===2021: Testimony in Netherlands pertaining to a potential flavour / flavor ban: [https://www.clivebates.com/documents/NLFlavoursResponseJan2021.pdf Regulation of e-cigarette flavours – a response]=== <!--T:45-->
@@ Line 244: / Line 207: @@
 *Signed by 24 experts from around the world
 *Covers 12 key points
 ===2020: [https://sci-hub.st/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.15235# Association of vaping‐related lung injuries with rates of e‐cigarette and cannabis use across US states]=== <!--T:47-->
@@ Line 252: / Line 214: @@
 *Link above is to the PDF version
 *Citation: Friedman, A. S. (2020). Association of Vaping‐related Lung Injuries with Rates of E‐cigarette and Cannabis Use across US States. Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.15235
-*Acknowledgement: Research reported in this publication was supported by grant number 3U54DA036151‐08S2 from the National Institute On Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health and FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP).
 ===2020: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352853220300134 The impact of a comprehensive tobacco product flavor ban in San Francisco among young adults]=== <!--T:49-->
@@ Line 264: / Line 224: @@
 *[https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100273 PDF Version]
 *Citation: Yang, Y., Lindblom, E. N., Salloum, R. G., & Ward, K. D. (2020). The impact of a comprehensive tobacco product flavor ban in San Francisco among young adults. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 11, 100273. doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100273
-*Acknowledgement: This research was supported by the National Institute of Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health (R03DA048460).
 ===2020: Article: [https://www.realclearpolicy.com/articles/2020/10/01/yale_study_on_lung_disease_forecasts_dire_consequences_for_flavor_bans_579308.html Yale Study on Lung Disease Forecasts Dire Consequences for Flavor Bans]=== <!--T:51-->
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 *By pushing people into the black market for flavored products, they are increasing the risk that we will see another wave of consumers sickened by unregulated, illegal goods.
 *Citation: Elizabeth Sheld, Real Clear Policy, October 01, 2020.
 ===2019:  [https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201906-472OC Changes in Flavor Preference in a Cohort of Long-Term Electronic Cigarette Users]=== <!--T:53-->
@@ Line 284: / Line 241: @@
 *[https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201906-472OC PDF Version]
 *Citation: Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 17, No 5, pp 573–581, May 2020, Copyright © 2020 by the American Thoracic Society, DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201906-472OC
-*Acknowledgement: Supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Center for Tobacco Products of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (P50-DA-036107) for the Penn State Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science.
 ===2019: Article: [https://www.detroitnews.com/story/opinion/2019/09/16/opinion-vape-flavor-ban-doesnt-help-kids-hurts-adults/2291817001/ Vape flavor ban doesn't help kids, hurts adults]=== <!--T:55-->
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 *The ban creates a greater opportunity for people — including adolescents — to interact with law enforcement, putting them at increased risk of becoming involved with the criminal justice system.
 *Citation: Jesse Kelly & Carrie Wade, September 15, 2019, The Detroit News
 ===2019: Article: [https://www.wwlp.com/news/state-politics/flavor-ban-will-feed-illegal-tobacco-sales-stores-say/ Flavor ban will feed illegal tobacco sales, stores say]=== <!--T:57-->
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 *“If this bill passes and we bring in prohibition, we’re going to bring crime into the city,” Marianos, who is now an adjunct faculty member at Georgetown University, said. “We’re going to replace store owners and manufacturers with people selling out of backpacks, people selling out of cars, and worst of all, people selling directly to the children we’re trying to protect.”
 *Citation: Colin Young, November 04, 2019, 22 News WWLP
 ===2019: Article: [https://www.sun-sentinel.com/opinion/commentary/fl-op-com-minton-e-cigarette-ban-ineffective-dangerous-20190923-svobcmjbdjeptduwlqdx6blcii-story.html E-cigarette flavor ban — ineffective and dangerous]=== <!--T:59-->
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 *As a society, we have found satisfactory ways to address youth access to many adult products, like alcohol and marijuana. Given that e-cigarettes have the potential to save lives, regulators have a responsibility to find a similarly sophisticated solution to the youth vaping problem. Or, they can follow Michigan’s lead and learn the same lesson repeated throughout history: prohibition always causes more problems than it solves.
 *Citation: Michelle Minton, September 23, 2019, South Florida Sun Sentinel
 ===2019: Article: [https://www.kqed.org/science/1950849/vapers-turn-to-home-brew-as-flavored-nicotine-bans-mount Vapers Turn to Home Brew as Flavored Nicotine Bans Mount]=== <!--T:61-->
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 *Alex Clark, CEO of the Consumer Advocates for Smoke-Free Alternatives Association (CASAA), said he plans to warn the nonprofit’s more than 200,000 members about the dangers of making e-liquid at home. Clark notes that people should not use flavors found in the baking aisle of a grocery store.
 *Citation: Jenny Gold, November 12, 2019, Kaiser Health News KQED
 ===2019: Article: [https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/10/danger-vaping-bans/600451/ The Vaping Overreaction Politicians who ban flavors should brace for a surge in cigarette smoking and the use of questionable bootleg vaping products.]=== <!--T:63-->
@@ Line 332: / Line 283: @@
 *Claims that nicotine alone leads to brain damage in youth have limited empirical support; most of the relevant literature involves studies of teens exposed to the substance via smoking. I mention this not to dismiss the problem of teen vaping—the FDA and other agencies are rightly trying to curb teen access—but merely to warn against rash, misdirected responses that will prevent today’s smokers from quitting.
 *Unfortunately, the misconceptions surrounding vaping may be too well entrenched. A Kaiser poll conducted this month revealed that 49 percent of respondents support banning all e-cigarettes, not just flavored ones. That would be a deadly mistake. “If we lose this opportunity,” David S. Abrams, a professor at the New York University College of Global Public Health, told CBS Morning News last month, “we will have blown the single biggest public-health opportunity ever to get rid of cigarettes and replace them with a much safer form of nicotine for everybody.” With 35 million Americans still smoking, the stakes are high.
 ===2019: [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10826084.2019.1626435?journalCode=isum20 Young adult dual combusted cigarette and e-cigarette users’ anticipated responses to hypothetical e-cigarette market restrictions]=== <!--T:65-->
@@ Line 341: / Line 291: @@
 *[https://sci-hub.se/10.1080/10826084.2019.1626435 PDF Version]
 *Citation:: Lauren R. Pacek, Olga Rass, Maggie M. Sweitzer, Jason A. Oliver & F. Joseph McClernon (2019): Young adult dual combusted cigarette and e-cigarette users’ anticipated responses to hypothetical e-cigarette market restrictions, Substance Use & Misuse, DOI:10.1080/10826084.2019.1626435
-*Acklnowledgement: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (K01DA043413, K23DA039294, and K23DA042898). The funding source had no other role other than financial support.
 ===2018: [https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=FDA-2017-N-6565-22941 Patterns of flavored e-cigarette use among adults vapers in the United States: an internet survey]=== <!--T:67-->
@@ Line 352: / Line 300: @@
 *[https://www.regulations.gov/contentStreamer?documentId=FDA-2017-N-6565-22941&attachmentNumber=1&contentType=pdf PDF Version]
 *Citation: Konstantinos Farsalinos, MD, MPH, Christopher Russell, PhD, George Lagoumintzis, PhD, Konstantinos Poulas, Submitted to: Docket No. FDA-2017 N-6565 for “Regulation of Flavors in Tobacco Products.”
 ===2018: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/28/2/168 Should flavours be banned in cigarettes and e-cigarettes? Evidence on adult smokers and recent quitters from a discrete choice experiment]=== <!--T:69-->
 <!--T:70-->
-*'''A ban on flavoured e-cigarettes would likely increase the choice of cigarettes in smokers, the more harmful way of obtaining nicotine.'''
+*A ban on flavoured e-cigarettes would likely increase the choice of cigarettes in smokers, the more harmful way of obtaining nicotine.
 *[https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/28/2/168.full.pdf PDF Version]
 *Citation:Buckell J, Marti J, Sindelar JLShould flavours be banned in cigarettes and e-cigarettes? Evidence on adult smokers and recent quitters from a discrete choice experimentTobacco Control 2019;28:168-175.
-*Acknowledgement: Research reported in this publication was supported by grant number P50DA036151 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP).
-<br>
 =Relapse Prevention or Long Term Abstinence= <!--T:71-->
 ===2020: [https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-020-00418-8 Reported patterns of vaping to support long-term abstinence from smoking: a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of vapers]=== <!--T:72-->
@@ Line 379: / Line 321: @@
 *[https://sci-hub.st/10.1186/s12954-020-00418-8# PDF Version]
 *Citation: Gentry, S.V., Ward, E., Dawkins, L. et al. Reported patterns of vaping to support long-term abstinence from smoking: a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of vapers. Harm Reduct J 17, 70 (2020). doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00418-8
-*Acknowledgement: This research was funded by Cancer Research UK (CRUK), Grant Number C54889/A22732.
 ===2019: Article: [https://www.insidesources.com/e-cigarette-flavor-bans-will-drive-more-people-back-to-smoking/ E-Cigarette Flavor Bans Will Drive More People Back to Smoking]=== <!--T:74-->
@@ Line 390: / Line 329: @@
 *Citation: Michael Siegel, February 19, 2019, Inside Sources
-<br>
 =Smoking Cessation= <!--T:76-->
 ===2021: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/23/9/1490/6149939 How Does the Use of Flavored Nicotine Vaping Products Relate to Progression Toward Quitting Smoking? Findings From the 2016 and 2018 ITC 4CV Surveys]=== <!--T:77-->
@@ Line 401: / Line 336: @@
 *Use of fruit and other sweet flavored e-liquids is positively related to smokers’ transition away from cigarettes.
 *Citation: Lin Li, PhD, Ron Borland, PhD, Kenneth Michael Cummings, PhD, Geoffrey T Fong, PhD, Shannon Gravely, PhD, Danielle M Smith, MPH, Maciej L Goniewicz, PhD, Richard J O’Connor, PhD, Mary E Thompson, PhD, Ann McNeill, PhD, How Does the Use of Flavored Nicotine Vaping Products Relate to Progression Toward Quitting Smoking? Findings From the 2016 and 2018 ITC 4CV Surveys, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 23, Issue 9, September 2021, Pages 1490–1497, doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab033
 ===2020: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7275248/ Associations of Flavored e-Cigarette Uptake With Subsequent Smoking Initiation and Cessation]=== <!--T:79-->
@@ Line 411: / Line 344: @@
 *[https://sci-hub.st/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3826# PDF Version]
 *Citation: Friedman, A. S., & Xu, S. (2020). Associations of Flavored e-Cigarette Uptake With Subsequent Smoking Initiation and Cessation. JAMA Network Open, 3(6), e203826. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3826
-*Acknowledgment: : Ms Xu was supported by a T32 National Research Service Award from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (HS017589).
 ===2019: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460318311821 The role of flavors in vaping initiation and satisfaction among U.S. adults]=== <!--T:81-->
@@ Line 422: / Line 352: @@
 *[https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106077# PDF Version]
 *Citation: Landry, R. L., Groom, A. L., Vu, T.-H. T., Stokes, A. C., Berry, K. M., Kesh, A., … Payne, T. J. (2019). The role of flavors in vaping initiation and satisfaction among U.S. adults. Addictive Behaviors, 106077. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106077
-*This research was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) under Awards P50HL120163 and U54HL120163.
 ===2019: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31477072/ Vaping patterns, nicotine dependence and reasons for vaping among American Indian dual users of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes]=== <!--T:83-->
@@ Line 433: / Line 360: @@
 *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6721166/pdf/12889_2019_Article_7523.pdf PDF Version]
 *Citation: Rhoades DA, Comiford AL, Dvorak JD, Ding K, Hopkins M, Spicer P, Wagener TL, Doescher MP. Vaping patterns, nicotine dependence and reasons for vaping among American Indian dual users of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes. BMC Public Health. 2019 Sep 2;19(1):1211. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7523-5. PMID: 31477072; PMCID: PMC6721166.
-*Acknowledgement: Grants from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (P20CA202921 to University of Oklahoma, and 5P20CA202923 to Cherokee Nation) supported this study.
 ===2019: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqTdqLZQUCo Video: Can Flavors Help People Who Smoke Quit Smoking?]=== <!--T:85-->
@@ Line 442: / Line 366: @@
 *Minnesota Smoke-Free Alliance
 *Do flavors help adults quit smoking? Is there "right" flavored products and "wrong" flavored products? Do we have the right to tell people they have to quit smoking using a method we approve of? (English)
 ===2019: Article: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/18yNyRhNe0liQ_uP3tSEcaLV9JB-gLyMEnCuE8aLBtPc/edit?usp=sharing Flavors make vaping more palatable, help cigarette smokers kick the habit]=== <!--T:87-->
@@ Line 453: / Line 375: @@
 *The preponderance of evidence indicates that non-tobacco flavors, including fruit, dessert, and candy, are essential to vaping as an effective way to quit smoking and avoid relapse.
 *Citation: Amelia Howard, September 21, 2019, Pro/Con: As vaping-related illnesses rise, should flavored e-cigarettes be banned?, The Philadelphia Enquirer
 ===2019: Article: [https://web.archive.org/web/20191129093506/https://www.chieftain.com/opinion/20191128/banning-flavored-e-cigarettes-has-consequences Banning flavored e-cigarettes has consequences]=== <!--T:89-->
@@ Line 464: / Line 384: @@
 *The consequences of banning flavors are as obvious as they are tragic. Analyzing the potential effects of different tobacco flavor bans, researchers at the Yale School of Public Health concluded that banning e-cigarette flavors would result in more smoking.
 *Citation: Guy Bentley, November 28, 2019, The Pueblo Chieftain
-<br>
 ===2018: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/20/8/977/4061315?redirectedFrom=fulltext Advice From Former-Smoking E-Cigarette Users to Current Smokers on How to Use E-Cigarettes as Part of an Attempt to Quit Smoking]=== <!--T:91-->
@@ Line 473: / Line 391: @@
 *[https://sci-hub.do/10.1093/ntr/ntx176# PDF Version]
 *Citation: Christopher Russell, PhD, Tiffany Dickson, MSc, Neil McKeganey, PhD, Advice From Former-Smoking E-Cigarette Users to Current Smokers on How to Use E-Cigarettes as Part of an Attempt to Quit Smoking, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 20, Issue 8, August 2018, Pages 977–984, doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntx176
-*Acknowledgement: Funding for this study was provided by Nicoventures.
 ===2018: [https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/3/e018329.full Motivation and main flavour of use, use with nicotine and dual use of electronic cigarettes in Barcelona, Spain: a cross-sectional study ]===
 *The most prevalent motivation for using e-cigarettes was to reduce tobacco smoking 48%, followed by quitting smoking 39.2%, and to use e-cigarettes in places where tobacco smoking was prohibited 10.2%.
 *Citation: Bunch K, Fu M, Ballbè M, et alMotivation and main flavour of use, use with nicotine and dual use of electronic cigarettes in Barcelona, Spain: a cross-sectional studyBMJ Open 2018;8:e018329. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018329
-*Acknowledgement: The project was cofunded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Evaluación, Government of Spain (PI15/00291). The project was also cofunded by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación and by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)—a way to build Europe—in 2015 and Ministry of Universities and Research, Government of Catalonia (grant 2017SGR608).
 ===2017: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5800112/ Differences between Dual Users and Switchers Center around Vaping Behavior and Its Experiences Rather than Beliefs and Attitudes]=== <!--T:93-->
@@ Line 491: / Line 405: @@
 *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5800112/pdf/ijerph-15-00012.pdf PDF Version]
 *Citation: Adriaens K, Van Gucht D, Baeyens F. Differences between Dual Users and Switchers Center around Vaping Behavior and Its Experiences Rather than Beliefs and Attitudes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Dec 23;15(1):12. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15010012. PMID: 29295483; PMCID: PMC5800112.
 ===2015: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4808473/ Preferred Flavors and Reasons for E-cigarette Use and Discontinued Use Among Never, Current, and Former Smokers]=== <!--T:95-->
@@ Line 504: / Line 416: @@
 *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4808473/pdf/nihms739529.pdf PDF Version]
 *Citation: Berg CJ. Preferred flavors and reasons for e-cigarette use and discontinued use among never, current, and former smokers. Int J Public Health. 2016 Mar;61(2):225-36. doi: 10.1007/s00038-015-0764-x. Epub 2015 Nov 18. PMID: 26582009; PMCID: PMC4808473.
-*Acknowledgement: This research was supported by the National Cancer Institute (1K07CA139114-01A1; PI: Berg) and the Georgia Cancer Coalition (PI: Berg).
 ===2013: [https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/12/7272/htm Impact of Flavour Variability on Electronic Cigarette Use Experience: An Internet Survey]=== <!--T:97-->
@@ Line 518: / Line 427: @@
 *[https://sci-hub.st/10.3390/ijerph10127272# PDF Version]
 *Citation: Farsalinos, K., Romagna, G., Tsiapras, D., Kyrzopoulos, S., Spyrou, A., & Voudris, V. (2013). Impact of Flavour Variability on Electronic Cigarette Use Experience: An Internet Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(12), 7272–7282. doi:10.3390/ijerph10127272
-*Acknowledgement: No funding was received for this study.
 ===2006: [https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06686.x Tobacco Dependence: Global Public Health Potential for New Medications Development and Indications]=== <!--T:99-->
@@ Line 529: / Line 435: @@
 *PDF Version
 *Citation: HENNINGFIELD, J. E., FANT, R. V., GITCHELL, J., & SHIFFMAN, S. (2006). Tobacco Dependence: Global Public Health Potential for New Medications Development and Indications. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 909(1), 247–256. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06686.x
-*Acknowledgement: Portions of this paper were adapted from a paper submitted by these authors to The Economics of Neuroscience. 37 The preparation of this paper was partially supported by unrestricted funding by SmithKline Beecham Consumer Healthcare for which the authors also provide consulting services.
 =Use of Flavors (Youth to Sr. Citizens)= <!--T:101-->
 ===2021: [https://thr.ams3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/strapi/0cbd3b34cef86dad0032528c324d2f7b.pdf THE CASE FOR FLAVOURS IN TOBACCO HARM REDUCTION, TO SAVE LIVES]===
@@ Line 539: / Line 443: @@
 *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwlJVEBk1o8&t=121s Webinar]
 **This webinar discussed the above flavors report and took place on 15 December 2021, and featured Dr Konstantinos Farsalinos, Dr Delon Human, Dr Kgosi Letlape, Prof Heino Stöver, and Charles A. Gardner, PhD.
 ===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33748862/ Choice and variety-seeking of e-liquids and flavour (flavor) categories by New Zealand smokers using an electronic cigarette: a longitudinal study]=== <!--T:102-->
@@ Line 547: / Line 450: @@
 *Policies allowing diverse e-liquid flavours at specialist stores could support users’ variety-seeking and potentially create opportunities to couple e-liquid purchasing occasions with cessation advice during the first months of a transition attempt.
 *Citation: Mei-Ling Blank, MPH, Janet Hoek, PhD, Choice and variety-seeking of e-liquids and flavour categories by New Zealand smokers using an electronic cigarette: a longitudinal study, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, , ntaa248, doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa248
-*Acknowledgement: Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Fund Grant (17-UOO-129) to Janet Hoek (PI), Mei-Ling Blank (AI), Tamlin Conner (AI), Shelagh Ferguson (AI), and Lee Thompson (AI). Both authors are members of ASPIRE 2025, a research collaboration working to achieve the New Zealand Government's Smokefree 2025 goal.
-<br>
 ===2018: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6022703/ Changing patterns of first e-cigarette flavor used and current flavors used by 20,836 adult frequent e-cigarette users in the USA]=== <!--T:104-->
@@ Line 557: / Line 457: @@
 *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6022703/pdf/12954_2018_Article_238.pdf PDF Version]
 *Citation: Russell C, McKeganey N, Dickson T, Nides M. Changing patterns of first e-cigarette flavor used and current flavors used by 20,836 adult frequent e-cigarette users in the USA. Harm Reduct J. 2018 Jun 28;15(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s12954-018-0238-6. PMID: 29954412; PMCID: PMC6022703.
-*Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to Julie Woessner and Alex Clark (Consumer Advocates for Smoke-free Alternatives Association), Stefan Didak and Danielle Bloss (Not Blowing Smoke), Gregory Conley (American Vaping Association), Cynthia Cabrera (Cating Group), and the Board of the Smoke-Free Alternatives Trade Association, without whose assistance this study would not have been possible. Fontem Ventures, a company that makes e-cigarettes, and a wholly owned subsidiary of Imperial Brands PLC provided funding for this study.
 ===2015: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/17/10/1255/1028251?redirectedFrom=fulltext The Impact of Flavor Descriptors on Nonsmoking Teens’ and Adult Smokers’ Interest in Electronic Cigarettes]=== <!--T:106-->
@@ Line 572: / Line 469: @@
 *[https://www.casaa.org/wp-content/uploads/Shiffman-on-flavors-1255-62.pdf PDF Version]
 *Citation: Saul Shiffman, PhD, Mark A Sembower, MS, Janine L Pillitteri, PhD, Karen K Gerlach, PhD, MPH, Joseph G Gitchell, BA, The Impact of Flavor Descriptors on Nonsmoking Teens’ and Adult Smokers’ Interest in Electronic Cigarettes, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 17, Issue 10, October 2015, Pages 1255–1262, doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu333
-*Acknowledgement: This work was supported by NJOY, a company that markets electronic cigarettes, but does not make or sell any combustible tobacco products. All authors work for Pinney Associates and provide consulting services to GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare on their stop-smoking medications and to NJOY, Inc. on electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). SS and JGG also own an interest in a novel nicotine medication in development. The study sponsor was involved in discussion of the study design, but had no role in study execution, data collection, data analysis, or writing of the manuscript, nor did the sponsor review the manuscript prior to submission.
 ===2013: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1054139X12004090 Adolescent Males' Awareness of and Willingness to Try Electronic Cigarettes]=== <!--T:108-->
@@ Line 586: / Line 480: @@
 *[https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.014# PDF Version]
 *Citation: Pepper, J. K., Reiter, P. L., McRee, A.-L., Cameron, L. D., Gilkey, M. B., & Brewer, N. T. (2013). Adolescent Males’ Awareness of and Willingness to Try Electronic Cigarettes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(2), 144–150. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.014
-*Acknowledgement: : Support for this study was provided by the American Cancer Society (MSRG-06-259-01-CPPB), the Cancer Control Education Program at UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (R25 CA57726), the National Institutes of Health (P50CA105632 and P30CA016058), and a NRSA in Primary Medical Care at the University of Minnesota (T32HP22239).
 =Youth= <!--T:110-->
 ===2020: [https://cei.org/issue_analysis/perverse-psychology/ Report Summary: Perverse Psychology How Anti-Vaping Campaigners Created the Youth Vaping “Epidemic”]=== <!--T:111-->
@@ Line 599: / Line 490: @@
 *Teen vaping did not escalate despite the increased anti-vaping messaging. Adolescents’ curiosity and subsequent experimentation with vaping rose because of anti-vaping messaging.
 *[https://cei.org/sites/default/files/Michelle%20Minton%20-%20Perverse%20Psychology.pdf PDF of Full report]
 ===2020: [https://www.nber.org/papers/w26811 Paper: Intended and Unintended Effects of Banning Menthol Cigarettes]=== <!--T:113-->
@@ Line 608: / Line 497: @@
 *Menthol bans shifted smokers’ cigarette purchases away from grocery stores and gas stations to First Nations reserves (where the menthol bans do not bind).
 *[https://sci-hub.st/10.3386/w26811# PDF Full Paper]
 ===2020: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4_l-klxqCQ Video: Vaping: what people are getting wrong]=== <!--T:115-->
@@ Line 616: / Line 503: @@
 *The Economist
 *A youth vaping “epidemic” and a mysterious outbreak of lung disease in America has led to curbs on e-cigarette flavours. A backlash against vaping is perpetuating myths about nicotine-based e-cigarette products that are not backed up by scientific research.  (UK / English)
 ===2019: Article: [https://www.clivebates.com/the-us-vaping-flavour-ban-twenty-things-you-should-know/ The US vaping flavour (flavor) ban: twenty things you should know]=== <!--T:117-->
@@ Line 624: / Line 509: @@
 *A well researched article that touches on many of the myths and fears about youth use of flavored vapor products.
 *[https://www.clivebates.com/documents/Flavours20Nov2019.pdf PDF Version]
 ===2017: Blog: [http://mommavape.blogspot.com/2017/12/paint-me-green-and-hear-me-roar.html Confessions of an e-liquid mixologist]=== <!--T:119-->
@@ Line 632: / Line 515: @@
 *Certain things really bother me. Like when anti-tobacco activists do things to destroy my pride in being an ex-smoker and helping other people quit smoking. The most hurtful thing of all, is to pervert the effort I put into creating flavors of e-liquids to appeal to adult smokers and accuse me of marketing to children, of trying to addict the next generation of kids on nicotine.
 *Not once did I create a flavor and go “hmmmm, I bet a 12 year old would like this”. Not once. I’m not a monster, I’m a mom, an aunt, a grandma, and a great grandma. All I wanted to do is help people quit smoking so they could live long enough to enjoy their extended families. I wanted to help people quit smoking so kids would no longer be exposed to 2nd hand smoke. I wanted to make the world a better place.
 =Addressing Myths About Flavors= <!--T:121-->
 ===2020: Article: [https://vaping360.com/learn/popcorn-lung-diacetyl/ Does Diacetyl in Vaping Cause Popcorn Lung?]=== <!--T:122-->
@@ Line 643: / Line 522: @@
 <!--T:123-->
 *While almost anything is possible, there’s simply no evidence that vaping causes popcorn lung.
 ===2019: Cancer Research UK: [https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/does-vaping-cause-popcorn-lung Does vaping cause popcorn lung?]=== <!--T:124-->
@@ Line 650: / Line 527: @@
 <!--T:125-->
 *No. There’s no good evidence that e-cigarettes could cause the lung condition called popcorn lung. There’s been no confirmed cases of popcorn lung reported in people who use e-cigarettes.
 ===2019: [https://www.cmaj.ca/content/re-vape-related-popcorn-lung-debunked-years-ago RE: Vape related "Popcorn Lung" debunked years ago]=== <!--T:126-->
@@ Line 657: / Line 532: @@
 <!--T:127-->
 *There is 750x more diacetyl in a pack of cigarettes than there is in a days worth of vaping nicotine fluid, and to date we have no confirmation that smokers are getting popcorn lung.
 ===2018: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/research/2018/262-flavors Paper: E-cigarette flavors and aldehyde emissions: another failure to verify findings from a previous study]=== <!--T:128-->
@@ Line 666: / Line 539: @@
 *2017: [https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.059 Do flavouring compounds contribute to aldehyde emissions in e-cigarettes?]
 : In conclusion, we confirmed that flavouring compounds can contribute to aldehyde emissions from ECs, but such contribution, detected in only 3 liquids and two flavours herein, was minimal.
 ===2017: [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.6b06030 Comment on “Flavoring Compounds Dominate Toxic Aldehyde Production during E Cigarette Vaping”]=== <!--T:130-->
@@ Line 674: / Line 545: @@
 *We would like to point out that the finding is in a stark contrast to previous results.
 *The high levels only happen under dry puff conditions, something avoided by vapers as it is very unpleasant.
 ===2015: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/whats-new/whatsnew-2015/234-bo Medical journal MISPRESENTS a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis as popcorn lung disease caused by e-cigarette]=== <!--T:132-->
@@ Line 682: / Line 551: @@
 *It was shocking to see a public statement reporting a case of popcorn lung disease in a patient using e-cigarettes. The title of the public release is: “Case report finds 'popcorn lung' in patient using e-cigarettes. Report points to possibility of diacetyl, a flavoring agent in e-cigarettes, to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome”
 *The article then goes on to explain why it can’t be popcorn lung and calls for the retraction of the study.
 ===2015 [http://tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.com/2015/12/new-study-finds-that-average-diacetyl.html New Study Finds that Average Diacetyl Exposure from Vaping is 750 Times Lower than from Smoking]=== <!--T:134-->
@@ Line 691: / Line 557: @@
 *There's just one minor fact that is omitted completely in the article, as well as in all the media coverage.
 *That fact: All conventional cigarettes produce tobacco smoke that contains diacetyl, and the levels of diacetyl in cigarettes are a lot higher than those produced by e-cigarettes.
 =Quotes / Graphics= <!--T:136-->
@@ Line 767: / Line 630: @@
-<br>
 =Further Reading=
 ===2021: Policy Analyst Testimony: [https://www.cga.ct.gov/2021/PHdata/Tmy/2021SB-00326-R000208-Stroud,%20Lindsey,%20Policy%20Analyst-Taxpayers%20Protection%20Alliance-TMY.PDF Testimony before the Connecticut Public Health Committee Regarding Prohibiting the Sale of Flavored Tobacco and Vapor Products]===
@@ Line 797: / Line 659: @@
 =Other Resources=
+===[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1CWfu0QLj347Ud07tb9NdNWESXZRqAzW9MX_VbU_NAss/edit?usp=sharing Document of pre-written tweets about flavors]===
-===[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1CWfu0QLj347Ud07tb9NdNWESXZRqAzW9MX_VbU_NAss/edit?usp=sharing Document of pre-written tweets about flavors]===
+=Suggested Studies, Papers, Surveys, and Articles to Add to This Page= <!--T:153-->
+*If you prefer not to add information to this page yourself, drop the links here and one of our editors will do it for you
+===2022: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36328469/ Removal of mango-flavoured Juul pods created opportunity for adulterated mango Juul-compatible pods with altered chemical constituents]===
+===2022: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36250607/ Associations between e-cigarette use and e-cigarette flavors with cigarette smoking quit attempts and quit success: Evidence from a US large, nationally representative 2018-2019 survey]===
+*E-cigarette use is positively associated with both making a quit attempt and quit success, and those using flavored e-cigarettes are more likely to successfully quit smoking, with no statistically significant differences between the use of menthol or mint-flavored e-cigarettes versus the use of other nontobacco flavored products.
+===2022: [https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-14166-w E-cigarette addiction and harm perception: Does initiation flavor choice matter?]===
+===2022: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/31/e1/e10 Association of device type, flavours and vaping behaviour with tobacco product transitions among adult electronic cigarette users in the USA]===
+*Non-tobacco flavours, daily vaping and modifiable e-cigarette devices may help some smokers abstain from cigarette smoking via transitioning to exclusive e-cigarette use, but are also associated with ongoing exclusive e-cigarette use.
+===2022: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0091743522001116 Effect of flavored E-cigarette bans in the United States: What does the evidence show?]===
+*However, in this paper, we propose an evidence-based version of this model based on several years' worth of longitudinal and econometric research, which suggests that youth e-cigarette use has instead worked to replace a culture of youth smoking. From this analysis, we propose a re-evaluation of current policies surrounding e-cigarette sales so that declines in e-cigarette use will not come at the cost of increasing cigarette use among youth and adults.
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+===2022: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9287473/ Impact of existing and potential e-cigarette flavor restrictions on e-cigarette use among young adult e-cigarette users in 6 US metropolitan areas]===
-*If you prefer to not add information to this page yourself, drop the links here and one of our editors will do it for you
+*Results from this study highlight heterogeneity in young adult e-cigarette users’ reactions to existing flavored e-cigarette sales restrictions and hypothetical restrictions. Some reduced e-cigarette use, but many reported intentions to continue e-cigarette use, by using tank-based e-cigarettes, available flavors, or flavors accessed through alternative sources. More concerning, some switched to cigarettes. Similarly, in response to future restrictions of all flavored e-liquids, young adult e-cigarette users largely indicated that they would either quit vaping – the ideal scenario – or switch to cigarettes – the least desirable scenario. Another major concern highlighted was access to flavored e-cigarettes despite restrictions (e.g., online, across state lines). Collectively, findings suggest that implications of flavored e-cigarette sales restrictions are complex, with the potential for both reductions in e-cigarette use and unintended consequences among young adults, including continued use of flavored e-cigarettes or switching to cigarettes, and retail and consumer circumvention of restrictions.
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ENDS Flavors: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 18:41, 31 January 2024

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