Richardpruen (talk | contribs) |
Richardpruen (talk | contribs) |
||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
*“The literature on the prospective association between smoking and depression and anxiety is inconsistent in terms of the direction of association most strongly supported. This suggests the need for future studies that employ different methodologies, such as Mendelian randomization. . . . Two studies that have used [Mendelian randomization] have found no evidence to support a causal association between smoking and depression and anxiety, while another found evidence to suggest that smoking was associated with lower odds of depression during pregnancy.” | *“The literature on the prospective association between smoking and depression and anxiety is inconsistent in terms of the direction of association most strongly supported. This suggests the need for future studies that employ different methodologies, such as Mendelian randomization. . . . Two studies that have used [Mendelian randomization] have found no evidence to support a causal association between smoking and depression and anxiety, while another found evidence to suggest that smoking was associated with lower odds of depression during pregnancy.” | ||
== 2016 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4808446 Adolescent caffeine consumption increases adulthood anxiety-related behavior and modifies neuroendocrine signaling] and | == 2016 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4808446 Adolescent caffeine consumption increases adulthood anxiety-related behavior and modifies neuroendocrine signaling] and 2015 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24726984/ Caffeine triggers behavioral and neurochemical alterations in adolescent rats] == | ||
==While some rodent studies suggest impaired cognitive development from nicotine administration in adolescence (2016 [https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/e-cigarettes/index.htm Surgeon General’s Report]) similar rodent studies exist for caffeine.== | ==While some rodent studies suggest impaired cognitive development from nicotine administration in adolescence (2016 [https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/e-cigarettes/index.htm Surgeon General’s Report]) similar rodent studies exist for caffeine.== | ||
edits