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==Quitting Smoking / Preventing Relapse (No comparison to other methods)== | ==Quitting Smoking / Preventing Relapse (No comparison to other methods)== | ||
2020: Tobacco harm reduction in the 21st century | ===2020: Highlights of Studies in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Presented at the 2020 American College of Cardiology Annual Scientific Session=== | ||
In E3, nicotine e-cigarettes plus counseling was superior to counseling alone for smoking cessation. Non-nicotine e-cigarettes plus counseling was also more effective compared with counseling alone though its effects on cessation were modest. This trial demonstrates the efficacy of e-cigarettes as a tool for smoking cessation compared with counseling alone. | |||
===2020: A magic bullet? The potential impact of e-cigarettes on the toll of cigarette smoking=== | |||
The combination of assumptions produces 360 possible scenarios. 357 (99%) yield positive estimates of life-years saved (LYS) due to vaping by 2100, from 143,000 to 65 million. | |||
The impact of vaping is greatest when it most helps smokers who otherwise have the greatest difficulty quitting smoking. | |||
Vaping is highly likely to reduce smoking-produced mortality. Still, vaping is not “the” answer to the public health crisis created by smoking. Rather, it may well be a tool to add to the armamentarium of effective tobacco control measures. | |||
Harm reduction can, and many would say should, be a part of the complex formula that will eventually bring about the demise of smoking. | |||
===2020: Patterns of e-cigarette use and subsequent cigarette smoking cessation over two years (2013/2014 to 2015/2016) in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study=== | |||
Smoking cessation was more likely among frequent e-cigarette users, users of e-cigarettes in last quit attempt, and users of flavored and rechargeable devices. | |||
===2020: Using e-cigarettes for smoking cessation: evaluation of a pilot project in the North West of England=== | |||
Of the 1022 participants who engaged with the pilot 614 were still engaged at 4 weeks, of whom 62% had quit smoking. Of those who still smoked tobacco at week 4, smoking had reduced from a baseline of 19.1 cigarettes/day to 8.7. Overall, 37% of those initially enrolled were confirmed to be using an e-cigarette on its own at follow-up. Successful quit was associated with occupation (unemployed, 33% vs intermediate, 47%) and residing in the less deprived quintiles of deprivation (50% vs 34% in the most deprived quintile. | |||
E-cigarettes appear to be an effective nicotine replacement therapy | |||
===2020: Tobacco harm reduction in the 21st century=== | |||
In conclusion, to reduce smoking and to save millions of lives, tobacco harm reduction in the form of cigarette substitution with low-risk products appears to be a promising path. These products, although not completely risk-free, offer an alternative to quit or die. In consideration of the available evidence, advice to tobacco smokers should include trying substitute products. The obvious fact so often overlooked is that smoking is rewarding and people like to do it. Giving smokers an alternative with efficient nicotine delivery means that they might prefer one of these products over cigarettes. | In conclusion, to reduce smoking and to save millions of lives, tobacco harm reduction in the form of cigarette substitution with low-risk products appears to be a promising path. These products, although not completely risk-free, offer an alternative to quit or die. In consideration of the available evidence, advice to tobacco smokers should include trying substitute products. The obvious fact so often overlooked is that smoking is rewarding and people like to do it. Giving smokers an alternative with efficient nicotine delivery means that they might prefer one of these products over cigarettes. | ||
2019: Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Smoking Reduction in France | ===2019: Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Smoking Reduction in France=== | ||
Findings This cohort study found that, among daily smokers in France, regular (daily) electronic cigarette use is associated with a significantly higher decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked per day as well as an increase in smoking cessation attempts. However, among former smokers, electronic cigarette use is associated with an increase in the rate of smoking relapse. | Findings This cohort study found that, among daily smokers in France, regular (daily) electronic cigarette use is associated with a significantly higher decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked per day as well as an increase in smoking cessation attempts. However, among former smokers, electronic cigarette use is associated with an increase in the rate of smoking relapse. | ||
NOTE: Article that covers above study - Adults who vape are more likely to quit cigarettes, study finds | NOTE: Article that covers above study - Adults who vape are more likely to quit cigarettes, study finds | ||
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“Other "technical improvements in [e-cigarettes] over time," they said, may also explain why people who recently quit smoking and switched to e-cigarettes were less likely to relapse than those who quit earlier.” | “Other "technical improvements in [e-cigarettes] over time," they said, may also explain why people who recently quit smoking and switched to e-cigarettes were less likely to relapse than those who quit earlier.” | ||
2019: Association of prevalence of electronic cigarette use with smoking cessation and | ===2019: Association of prevalence of electronic cigarette use with smoking cessation and cigarette consumption in England: a time–series analysis between 2007 and 2017=== | ||
cigarette consumption in England: a time–series analysis between 2007 and 2017 | |||
The increase in prevalence of e‐cigarette use by smokers in England has been positively associated with an increase in success rates of quit attempts and overall quit rates | The increase in prevalence of e‐cigarette use by smokers in England has been positively associated with an increase in success rates of quit attempts and overall quit rates | ||
2019 Electronic Cigarette Use and Cigarette Abstinence Over 2 Years Among U.S. Smokers in | ===2019 Electronic Cigarette Use and Cigarette Abstinence Over 2 Years Among U.S. Smokers in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study=== | ||
the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study | |||
In this nationally representative longitudinal cohort study of US adult cigarette smokers, daily e-cigarette use, compared to no e-cigarette use, was associated with a 77% increased odds of prolonged cigarette smoking abstinence over the subsequent 2 years. Regular use of e-cigarettes may help some smokers to stop smoking combustible cigarettes. | In this nationally representative longitudinal cohort study of US adult cigarette smokers, daily e-cigarette use, compared to no e-cigarette use, was associated with a 77% increased odds of prolonged cigarette smoking abstinence over the subsequent 2 years. Regular use of e-cigarettes may help some smokers to stop smoking combustible cigarettes. | ||
Article: Daily e-cigarette use may help smokers quit regular cigarettes | Article: Daily e-cigarette use may help smokers quit regular cigarettes | ||
2019 Article: Adults who vape are more likely to quit cigarettes, study finds | ===2019 Article: Adults who vape are more likely to quit cigarettes, study finds=== | ||
“The study did find that the heightened risk of relapse disappeared in those who quit smoking more recently, which the researchers said may be due to improved e-cigarette technology.” | “The study did find that the heightened risk of relapse disappeared in those who quit smoking more recently, which the researchers said may be due to improved e-cigarette technology.” | ||
“For example, the study as a whole considered anybody who quit smoking from 2010 onward and found that, in that sample, vaping increased the risk of relapse. But when researchers only considered people who quit cigarettes as of 2013, former smokers were not more likely to relapse if they vaped.” | “For example, the study as a whole considered anybody who quit smoking from 2010 onward and found that, in that sample, vaping increased the risk of relapse. But when researchers only considered people who quit cigarettes as of 2013, former smokers were not more likely to relapse if they vaped.” | ||
“The researchers noted in their study that "measures of plasma nicotine levels have shown that, compared with older models of [e-cigarettes], the new generation delivers higher levels of nicotine to the bloodstream," which may make them more satisfying.” | “The researchers noted in their study that "measures of plasma nicotine levels have shown that, compared with older models of [e-cigarettes], the new generation delivers higher levels of nicotine to the bloodstream," which may make them more satisfying.” | ||
“Other "technical improvements in [e-cigarettes] over time," they said, may also explain why people who recently quit smoking and switched to e-cigarettes were less likely to relapse than those who quit earlier.” | “Other "technical improvements in [e-cigarettes] over time," they said, may also explain why people who recently quit smoking and switched to e-cigarettes were less likely to relapse than those who quit earlier.” | ||
===2018 Advice From Former-Smoking E-Cigarette Users to Current Smokers on How to Use E-Cigarettes as Part of an Attempt to Quit Smoking=== | |||
This study describes the advice that former-smokers who used e-cigarettes to quit smoking would offer to smokers who are considering using an e-cigarette to support an attempt to quit smoking. Vapers advised smokers to find the right combination of device, flavors and nicotine strength, continue to smoke and vape for a while if they wished, not be deterred by past failed attempts to quit smoking, and expect health to improve after they have switched to vaping. Encouraging smokers to interact with vaping peers in vape shops and in online vaping-dedicated discussion fora may help significantly more smokers switch to vaping. | |||
2017: Predicting Short-Term Uptake of Electronic Cigarettes: Effects of Nicotine, Subjective Effects, and Simulated Demand | ===2017: Predicting Short-Term Uptake of Electronic Cigarettes: Effects of Nicotine, Subjective Effects, and Simulated Demand=== | ||
Mean cigarettes per day decreased by 37% when e-cigarettes were available relative to baseline. Nicotine-containing cartridges were associated with greater use and craving reduction than 0 mg. Alleviation of withdrawal symptoms and taste and enjoyment factors predicted e-cigarette use. | Mean cigarettes per day decreased by 37% when e-cigarettes were available relative to baseline. Nicotine-containing cartridges were associated with greater use and craving reduction than 0 mg. Alleviation of withdrawal symptoms and taste and enjoyment factors predicted e-cigarette use. | ||
2017: Cohort study of electronic cigarette use: effectiveness and safety at 24 months | ===2017: Cohort study of electronic cigarette use: effectiveness and safety at 24 months=== | ||
Of the e-cigarette users, 61.1% remained abstinent from tobacco (while 23.1% and 26.0% of tobacco-only smokers and dual users achieved tobacco abstinence). | Of the e-cigarette users, 61.1% remained abstinent from tobacco (while 23.1% and 26.0% of tobacco-only smokers and dual users achieved tobacco abstinence). | ||
2016: Patterns of Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adults in the United States | ===2016: Patterns of Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adults in the United States=== | ||
Results: Current e-cigarette use is extremely low among never cigarette smokers (0.4%) and former smokers who quit cigarettes 4 or more years ago (0.8%). Although e-cigarette experimentation is most common among current cigarette smokers and young adults, daily use is highest among former smokers who quit in the past year (13.0%) and older adults. Compared to daily cigarette smokers, recently quit smokers were more than four times as likely to be daily users of e-cigarettes ( AOR : 4.33 [95% CI: 3.08–6.09]). | Results: Current e-cigarette use is extremely low among never cigarette smokers (0.4%) and former smokers who quit cigarettes 4 or more years ago (0.8%). Although e-cigarette experimentation is most common among current cigarette smokers and young adults, daily use is highest among former smokers who quit in the past year (13.0%) and older adults. Compared to daily cigarette smokers, recently quit smokers were more than four times as likely to be daily users of e-cigarettes ( AOR : 4.33 [95% CI: 3.08–6.09]). | ||
Conclusion: Extremely low e-cigarette use among never-smokers and longer term former smokers suggest that e-cigarettes neither promote widespread initiation nor relapse among adults. Recognition of the heterogeneity of smokers, including the time since quitting, is critical to draw accurate conclusions about patterns of e-cigarette use at the population level and its potential for public health benefit or harm. | Conclusion: Extremely low e-cigarette use among never-smokers and longer term former smokers suggest that e-cigarettes neither promote widespread initiation nor relapse among adults. Recognition of the heterogeneity of smokers, including the time since quitting, is critical to draw accurate conclusions about patterns of e-cigarette use at the population level and its potential for public health benefit or harm. | ||
2016: Electronic cigarette use in the European Union: analysis of a representative sample of 27 460 Europeans from 28 countries | ===2016: Electronic cigarette use in the European Union: analysis of a representative sample of 27 460 Europeans from 28 countries=== | ||
E‐cigarette use in the European Union appears to be largely confined to current or former smokers, while current use and nicotine use by people who have never smoked is rare. More than one‐third of current e‐cigarette users polled reported smoking cessation and reduction. | E‐cigarette use in the European Union appears to be largely confined to current or former smokers, while current use and nicotine use by people who have never smoked is rare. More than one‐third of current e‐cigarette users polled reported smoking cessation and reduction. | ||
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Our results suggest that ecigarettes are used mainly to quit smoking, and may be useful for this purpose. | Our results suggest that ecigarettes are used mainly to quit smoking, and may be useful for this purpose. | ||
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