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==Toxic== | ==Toxic== | ||
=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37089248/ Biomarkers of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) use.] === | |||
* Highlights | |||
** Biomarkers play an essential role in characterizing the health risks of ENDS. | |||
** Identification of biomarkers specific to ENDS remains a challenge. | |||
** Levels of many toxicant biomarkers in ENDS users do not differ from non-users. | |||
** Exclusive ENDS users show lower concentrations of toxicant biomarkers compared with smokers. | |||
** In studies on ENDS, it may be beneficial to use a panel of biomarkers | |||
* The biomarker levels of many tobacco-related toxicants measured in biological samples collected from ENDS users did not differ significantly from non-users, except for nicotine metabolites and a small number of biomarkers of exposure to volatile organic compounds and tobacco-specific tobacco nitrosamines. Several studies have shown that while exposed to nicotine, long-term exclusive ENDS users showed significantly lower levels of toxicant biomarkers than cigarette smokers. | |||
* Goniewicz ML. Addict Neurosci. 2023 Jun;6:100077. doi: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100077. Epub 2023 Feb 26. PMID: 3708924 | |||
2021: Screening of different cytotoxicity methods for the assessment of ENDS toxicity relative to tobacco cigarettes | 2021: Screening of different cytotoxicity methods for the assessment of ENDS toxicity relative to tobacco cigarettes | ||
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