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=Studies - Not Catagorized= | =Studies - Not Catagorized= | ||
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*In totality, therefore, our findings favour the first explanation, that in our sample the daily vapers had been a more highly dependent group than the non-vapers, which would support the suggestion that vaping might be offering a novel route out of smoking for this group of smokers, albeit maintaining their nicotine addiction. | *In totality, therefore, our findings favour the first explanation, that in our sample the daily vapers had been a more highly dependent group than the non-vapers, which would support the suggestion that vaping might be offering a novel route out of smoking for this group of smokers, albeit maintaining their nicotine addiction. | ||
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.14722 PDF Version] | *[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.14722 PDF Version] | ||
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*4.3 million US adult nicotine vapers are ex-smokers. | *4.3 million US adult nicotine vapers are ex-smokers. | ||
*[https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/pdfs/mm6946a4-H.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/pdfs/mm6946a4-H.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*At a population level, e-cigarette use by smokers with chronic medical conditions is associated with more quitting activity and smoking abstinence. | *At a population level, e-cigarette use by smokers with chronic medical conditions is associated with more quitting activity and smoking abstinence. | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6876707/pdf/nihms-1539531.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6876707/pdf/nihms-1539531.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*Overall, the results from this study have shown that discussions between smokers and HPs about both quitting smoking, and the possible role NVPs could play as a cessation aid, were infrequent in the four countries in 2016. This may represent a lost opportunity for encouraging quitting smoking by providing a potentially attractive option to help smokers to quit. | *Overall, the results from this study have shown that discussions between smokers and HPs about both quitting smoking, and the possible role NVPs could play as a cessation aid, were infrequent in the four countries in 2016. This may represent a lost opportunity for encouraging quitting smoking by providing a potentially attractive option to help smokers to quit. | ||
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.14527 PDF Version] | *[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.14527 PDF Version] | ||
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*This study describes the advice that former-smokers who used e-cigarettes to quit smoking would offer to smokers who are considering using an e-cigarette to support an attempt to quit smoking. Vapers advised smokers to find the right combination of device, flavors and nicotine strength, continue to smoke and vape for a while if they wished, not be deterred by past failed attempts to quit smoking, and expect health to improve after they have switched to vaping. Encouraging smokers to interact with vaping peers in vape shops and in online vaping-dedicated discussion forums may help significantly more smokers switch to vaping. | *This study describes the advice that former-smokers who used e-cigarettes to quit smoking would offer to smokers who are considering using an e-cigarette to support an attempt to quit smoking. Vapers advised smokers to find the right combination of device, flavors and nicotine strength, continue to smoke and vape for a while if they wished, not be deterred by past failed attempts to quit smoking, and expect health to improve after they have switched to vaping. Encouraging smokers to interact with vaping peers in vape shops and in online vaping-dedicated discussion forums may help significantly more smokers switch to vaping. | ||
*[https://sci-hub.do/10.1093/ntr/ntx176# PDF Version] | *[https://sci-hub.do/10.1093/ntr/ntx176# PDF Version] | ||
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*Daily e-cigarette initiators were more likely to have quit smoking cigarettes or reduced use compared with non-users. However, less frequent e-cigarette use was not associated with cigarette cessation/reduction. These results suggest incorporating frequency of e-cigarette use is important for developing a more thorough understanding of the association between e-cigarette use and cigarette cessation. | *Daily e-cigarette initiators were more likely to have quit smoking cigarettes or reduced use compared with non-users. However, less frequent e-cigarette use was not associated with cigarette cessation/reduction. These results suggest incorporating frequency of e-cigarette use is important for developing a more thorough understanding of the association between e-cigarette use and cigarette cessation. | ||
*[https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/early/2018/03/24/tobaccocontrol-2017-054108.full.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/early/2018/03/24/tobaccocontrol-2017-054108.full.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*Compared with 2006, past-12-month quit attempts and smoking cessation increased among adults aged 25–44 in recent years. Current e-cigarette use was associated with increased past-12-month quit attempts and successful smoking cessation among established smokers. These findings are relevant to future tobacco policy decisions. | *Compared with 2006, past-12-month quit attempts and smoking cessation increased among adults aged 25–44 in recent years. Current e-cigarette use was associated with increased past-12-month quit attempts and successful smoking cessation among established smokers. These findings are relevant to future tobacco policy decisions. | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6751520/pdf/nty211.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6751520/pdf/nty211.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*This study, based on the largest representative sample of e-cigarette users to date, provides a strong case that e-cigarette use was associated with an increase in smoking cessation at the population level. We found that e-cigarette use was associated with an increased smoking cessation rate at the level of subgroup analysis and at the overall population level. It is remarkable, considering that this is the kind of data pattern that has been predicted but not observed at the population level for cessation medication, such as nicotine replacement therapy and varenicline. This is the first statistically significant increase observed in population smoking cessation among US adults in nearly a quarter of a century. These findings need to be weighed carefully in regulatory policy making and in the planning of tobacco control interventions. | *This study, based on the largest representative sample of e-cigarette users to date, provides a strong case that e-cigarette use was associated with an increase in smoking cessation at the population level. We found that e-cigarette use was associated with an increased smoking cessation rate at the level of subgroup analysis and at the overall population level. It is remarkable, considering that this is the kind of data pattern that has been predicted but not observed at the population level for cessation medication, such as nicotine replacement therapy and varenicline. This is the first statistically significant increase observed in population smoking cessation among US adults in nearly a quarter of a century. These findings need to be weighed carefully in regulatory policy making and in the planning of tobacco control interventions. | ||
*[https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/358/bmj.j3262.full.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/358/bmj.j3262.full.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*Consistent with randomized trials and those observational studies that measure frequency of e-cigarette use, both quit attempts and quit success were positively associated with increased frequency of e-cigarette use. Frequency of e-cigarette use was important in gauging the nature of these relationships. | *Consistent with randomized trials and those observational studies that measure frequency of e-cigarette use, both quit attempts and quit success were positively associated with increased frequency of e-cigarette use. Frequency of e-cigarette use was important in gauging the nature of these relationships. | ||
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1093/ntr/ntx166 PDF Version] | *[https://sci-hub.st/10.1093/ntr/ntx166 PDF Version] | ||
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*Mean cigarettes per day decreased by 37% when e-cigarettes were available relative to baseline. Nicotine-containing cartridges were associated with greater use and craving reduction than 0 mg. Alleviation of withdrawal symptoms and taste and enjoyment factors predicted e-cigarette use. | *Mean cigarettes per day decreased by 37% when e-cigarettes were available relative to baseline. Nicotine-containing cartridges were associated with greater use and craving reduction than 0 mg. Alleviation of withdrawal symptoms and taste and enjoyment factors predicted e-cigarette use. | ||
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1093/ntr/ntx269 PDF Versioin] | *[https://sci-hub.se/10.1093/ntr/ntx269 PDF Versioin] | ||
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*Of the e-cigarette users, 61.1% remained abstinent from tobacco (while 23.1% and 26.0% of tobacco-only smokers and dual users achieved tobacco abstinence). | *Of the e-cigarette users, 61.1% remained abstinent from tobacco (while 23.1% and 26.0% of tobacco-only smokers and dual users achieved tobacco abstinence). | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5520273/pdf/tobaccocontrol-2015-052822.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5520273/pdf/tobaccocontrol-2015-052822.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*Among current e-cigarette users, 84% reported using e-cigarettes to quit cigarettes, to cut down on cigarettes, or because they believe they are less harmful than cigarettes. The least common reason for use was cost (48%). Among former e-cigarette users, 78% reported using e-cigarettes to quit cigarettes, to cut down on cigarettes, or because they believe they are less harmful than cigarettes, and the least common reason was also cost (30%). | *Among current e-cigarette users, 84% reported using e-cigarettes to quit cigarettes, to cut down on cigarettes, or because they believe they are less harmful than cigarettes. The least common reason for use was cost (48%). Among former e-cigarette users, 78% reported using e-cigarettes to quit cigarettes, to cut down on cigarettes, or because they believe they are less harmful than cigarettes, and the least common reason was also cost (30%). | ||
*[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11606-017-4123-x.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11606-017-4123-x.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*Long-term use of e-cigarettes was associated with a higher rate of quitting smoking | *Long-term use of e-cigarettes was associated with a higher rate of quitting smoking | ||
*[https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/25/Suppl_1/i90.full.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/25/Suppl_1/i90.full.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*Changes in prevalence of e-cigarette use in England have been positively associated with the success rates of quit attempts. No clear association has been found between e-cigarette use and the rate of quit attempts or the use of other quitting aids, except for NRT obtained on prescription, where the association has been negative. | *Changes in prevalence of e-cigarette use in England have been positively associated with the success rates of quit attempts. No clear association has been found between e-cigarette use and the rate of quit attempts or the use of other quitting aids, except for NRT obtained on prescription, where the association has been negative. | ||
*[https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/354/bmj.i4645.full.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/354/bmj.i4645.full.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*Conclusion: Extremely low e-cigarette use among never-smokers and longer term former smokers suggest that e-cigarettes neither promote widespread initiation nor relapse among adults. Recognition of the heterogeneity of smokers, including the time since quitting, is critical to draw accurate conclusions about patterns of e-cigarette use at the population level and its potential for public health benefit or harm. | *Conclusion: Extremely low e-cigarette use among never-smokers and longer term former smokers suggest that e-cigarettes neither promote widespread initiation nor relapse among adults. Recognition of the heterogeneity of smokers, including the time since quitting, is critical to draw accurate conclusions about patterns of e-cigarette use at the population level and its potential for public health benefit or harm. | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5896829/pdf/ntv237.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5896829/pdf/ntv237.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*E‐cigarette use in the European Union appears to be largely confined to current or former smokers, while current use and nicotine use by people who have never smoked is rare. More than one‐third of current e‐cigarette users polled reported smoking cessation and reduction. | *E‐cigarette use in the European Union appears to be largely confined to current or former smokers, while current use and nicotine use by people who have never smoked is rare. More than one‐third of current e‐cigarette users polled reported smoking cessation and reduction. | ||
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1111/add.13506 PDF Version] | *[https://sci-hub.st/10.1111/add.13506 PDF Version] | ||
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*“Snus has both contributed to decreasing initiation of smoking and ...appears to facilitate smoking cessation. ...Snus has been a major factor behind Sweden’s record-low prevalence of smoking and lowest tobacco-related mortality among men in Europe.” | *“Snus has both contributed to decreasing initiation of smoking and ...appears to facilitate smoking cessation. ...Snus has been a major factor behind Sweden’s record-low prevalence of smoking and lowest tobacco-related mortality among men in Europe.” | ||
*[https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/11/1110/pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/11/1110/pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*“This systematic review and meta-analyses assessed the findings of six studies which reported smoking cessation after using e-cigarettes. We found an association between nicotine-enriched e-cigarette use and smoking cessation, suggesting that the devices may be an effective alternative smoking cessation method. We also found that use of e-cigarettes was also associated with a reduction in the number of cigarettes used, suggesting they may also have a role in tobacco harm reduction programs. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive evidence to date on this issue, and while there are a number of important implications for further research, these findings provide timely information to inform regulatory strategies.” | *“This systematic review and meta-analyses assessed the findings of six studies which reported smoking cessation after using e-cigarettes. We found an association between nicotine-enriched e-cigarette use and smoking cessation, suggesting that the devices may be an effective alternative smoking cessation method. We also found that use of e-cigarettes was also associated with a reduction in the number of cigarettes used, suggesting they may also have a role in tobacco harm reduction programs. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive evidence to date on this issue, and while there are a number of important implications for further research, these findings provide timely information to inform regulatory strategies.” | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4378973/pdf/pone.0122544.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4378973/pdf/pone.0122544.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*Results: At follow-up, 23% were intensive users, 29% intermittent users, 18% had used once or twice, and 30% had not tried e-cigarettes. Logistic regression controlling for demographics and tobacco dependence indicated that intensive users of e-cigarettes were 6 times more likely than non-users/triers to report that they quit smoking. Daily use of electronic cigarettes for at least 1 month is strongly associated with quitting smoking at follow-up. Further investigation of the underlying reasons for intensive versus intermittent use will help shed light on the mechanisms underlying the associations between e-cigarette use, motivation to quit, and smoking cessation. | *Results: At follow-up, 23% were intensive users, 29% intermittent users, 18% had used once or twice, and 30% had not tried e-cigarettes. Logistic regression controlling for demographics and tobacco dependence indicated that intensive users of e-cigarettes were 6 times more likely than non-users/triers to report that they quit smoking. Daily use of electronic cigarettes for at least 1 month is strongly associated with quitting smoking at follow-up. Further investigation of the underlying reasons for intensive versus intermittent use will help shed light on the mechanisms underlying the associations between e-cigarette use, motivation to quit, and smoking cessation. | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4375383/pdf/ntu200.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4375383/pdf/ntu200.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*Whether e-cigarette use is associated with quitting depends on type and frequency of use. Compared with respondents not using e-cigarettes, daily tank users were more likely, and non-daily cigalike users were less likely, to have quit. Tanks were more likely to be used by older respondents and respondents with lower education. | *Whether e-cigarette use is associated with quitting depends on type and frequency of use. Compared with respondents not using e-cigarettes, daily tank users were more likely, and non-daily cigalike users were less likely, to have quit. Tanks were more likely to be used by older respondents and respondents with lower education. | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4580313/pdf/ntv078.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4580313/pdf/ntv078.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*Follow-up data were available for 236 e-smokers, 491 tobacco smokers, and 232 dual smokers (overall response rate 70.8%). All e-smokers were tobacco ex-smokers. At 12 months, 61.9% of the e-smokers were still abstinent from tobacco smoking; 20.6% of the tobacco smokers and 22.0% of the dual smokers achieved tobacco abstinence. Adjusting for potential confounders, tobacco smoking abstinence or cessation remained significantly more likely among e-smokers... | *Follow-up data were available for 236 e-smokers, 491 tobacco smokers, and 232 dual smokers (overall response rate 70.8%). All e-smokers were tobacco ex-smokers. At 12 months, 61.9% of the e-smokers were still abstinent from tobacco smoking; 20.6% of the tobacco smokers and 22.0% of the dual smokers achieved tobacco abstinence. Adjusting for potential confounders, tobacco smoking abstinence or cessation remained significantly more likely among e-smokers... | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4464650/pdf/pone.0129443.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4464650/pdf/pone.0129443.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*Conclusion: “Among smokers who have attempted to stop without professional support, those who use e-cigarettes are more likely to report continued abstinence than those who used a licensed NRT product bought over-the-counter or no aid to cessation. This difference persists after adjusting for a range of smoker characteristics such as nicotine dependence.” | *Conclusion: “Among smokers who have attempted to stop without professional support, those who use e-cigarettes are more likely to report continued abstinence than those who used a licensed NRT product bought over-the-counter or no aid to cessation. This difference persists after adjusting for a range of smoker characteristics such as nicotine dependence.” | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4171752/pdf/add0109-1531.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4171752/pdf/add0109-1531.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*E-cigarette is an attractive long-term alternative and safer source of nicotine to conventional cigarette. Since their invention in 2003, there has been constant innovation and development of more efficient and appealing products. Here we show for the first time that second generation PVs can substantially decrease cigarette consumption without causing significant side effects in smokers not intending to quit. Moreover, overall participants’ perception and acceptance of these products was very good, in particular for those who quit or reduced smoking. Compared to our earlier work with first generation “cig-alikes”, technical problems and difficulties in use familiarization with second generation PVs were negligible. Improved products reliability and attractiveness might have contributed to the very low number of study failures and lost to follow-up and high success rates thus confirming the notion that these products are attractive substitutes for conventional cigarettes. Although large and carefully conducted RCTs will be required to confirm these preliminary encouraging observations, the notion that second generation PVs can substantially decrease cigarette consumption in smokers not intending to quit should be taken into consideration by regulatory authorities seeking to adopt proportional measures for the vapour category | *E-cigarette is an attractive long-term alternative and safer source of nicotine to conventional cigarette. Since their invention in 2003, there has been constant innovation and development of more efficient and appealing products. Here we show for the first time that second generation PVs can substantially decrease cigarette consumption without causing significant side effects in smokers not intending to quit. Moreover, overall participants’ perception and acceptance of these products was very good, in particular for those who quit or reduced smoking. Compared to our earlier work with first generation “cig-alikes”, technical problems and difficulties in use familiarization with second generation PVs were negligible. Improved products reliability and attractiveness might have contributed to the very low number of study failures and lost to follow-up and high success rates thus confirming the notion that these products are attractive substitutes for conventional cigarettes. Although large and carefully conducted RCTs will be required to confirm these preliminary encouraging observations, the notion that second generation PVs can substantially decrease cigarette consumption in smokers not intending to quit should be taken into consideration by regulatory authorities seeking to adopt proportional measures for the vapour category | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4245610/pdf/ijerph-11-11220.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4245610/pdf/ijerph-11-11220.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*Complete tobacco cessation is the best outcome for smokers, but the powerful addictive qualities of nicotine and of the ritualistic behavior of smoking create a huge hurdle, even for those with a strong desire to quit. Tobacco harm reduction (THR), the substitution of low-risk nicotine products for cigarette smoking, is a realistic strategy for smokers who have difficulty quitting. E-cigarettes are the newest and most promising products for THR. This approach has been recently exploited to reduce or reverse the burden of harm in smokers with mental health disorders and chronic airway disease. | *Complete tobacco cessation is the best outcome for smokers, but the powerful addictive qualities of nicotine and of the ritualistic behavior of smoking create a huge hurdle, even for those with a strong desire to quit. Tobacco harm reduction (THR), the substitution of low-risk nicotine products for cigarette smoking, is a realistic strategy for smokers who have difficulty quitting. E-cigarettes are the newest and most promising products for THR. This approach has been recently exploited to reduce or reverse the burden of harm in smokers with mental health disorders and chronic airway disease. | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4247211/pdf/12889_2014_Article_7263.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4247211/pdf/12889_2014_Article_7263.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*In conclusion, in this large sample of dedicated EC users, it seems that ECs are used as long-term substitutes to smoking. They can be effective even in subjects who are highly dependent on smoking and are heavy smokers. Mild temporary side-effects and significant benefits are reported by this population. Motivation for using ECs comes from their expected less harmful potential compared to smoking. | *In conclusion, in this large sample of dedicated EC users, it seems that ECs are used as long-term substitutes to smoking. They can be effective even in subjects who are highly dependent on smoking and are heavy smokers. Mild temporary side-effects and significant benefits are reported by this population. Motivation for using ECs comes from their expected less harmful potential compared to smoking. | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025024/pdf/ijerph-11-04356.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025024/pdf/ijerph-11-04356.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*Thus, this may be the first study to suggest that smokers who want to quit smoking for immediate, extrinsic rewards may be attracted to use e-cigarettes to stop smoking cigarettes than smokers who want to quit smoking for intrinsic reasons such as health concerns. In conclusion, e-cigarettes appear to provide a “smoking” alternative to a section of cigarette smokers who may not quit smoking for health reasons. Public health efforts may need to consider employing e-cigarettes to promote tobacco-related harm reduction. | *Thus, this may be the first study to suggest that smokers who want to quit smoking for immediate, extrinsic rewards may be attracted to use e-cigarettes to stop smoking cigarettes than smokers who want to quit smoking for intrinsic reasons such as health concerns. In conclusion, e-cigarettes appear to provide a “smoking” alternative to a section of cigarette smokers who may not quit smoking for health reasons. Public health efforts may need to consider employing e-cigarettes to promote tobacco-related harm reduction. | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4511704/pdf/nihms676311.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4511704/pdf/nihms676311.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*This study highlights higher interest in ENDS versus smokeless tobacco and greater interest in both for harm reduction and cessation than due to novelty or smoking restrictions. Developing educational campaigns and informing practitioners about caveats around ENDS as cessation or harm reduction aids are critical. | *This study highlights higher interest in ENDS versus smokeless tobacco and greater interest in both for harm reduction and cessation than due to novelty or smoking restrictions. Developing educational campaigns and informing practitioners about caveats around ENDS as cessation or harm reduction aids are critical. | ||
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1093/ntr/ntu103 PDF Version] | *[https://sci-hub.st/10.1093/ntr/ntu103 PDF Version] | ||
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*At 6 months, verified abstinence was 7·3% (21 of 289) with nicotine e-cigarettes, 5·8% (17 of 295) with patches, and 4·1% (three of 73) with placebo e-cigarettes | *At 6 months, verified abstinence was 7·3% (21 of 289) with nicotine e-cigarettes, 5·8% (17 of 295) with patches, and 4·1% (three of 73) with placebo e-cigarettes | ||
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61842-5 PDF Version] | *[https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61842-5 PDF Version] | ||
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*Nicotine’s beneficial effects can be controlled, and the detrimental effects of the smoky delivery system can be attenuated, by providing the drug via less hazardous delivery systems. Although more research is needed, e-cigs appear to be effective cigarette substitutes for inveterate smokers, and the health improvements enjoyed by switchers do not differ from those enjoyed by tobacco/nicotine abstainers. | *Nicotine’s beneficial effects can be controlled, and the detrimental effects of the smoky delivery system can be attenuated, by providing the drug via less hazardous delivery systems. Although more research is needed, e-cigs appear to be effective cigarette substitutes for inveterate smokers, and the health improvements enjoyed by switchers do not differ from those enjoyed by tobacco/nicotine abstainers. | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3850892/pdf/1477-7517-10-19.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3850892/pdf/1477-7517-10-19.pdf PDF Version] | ||
===2013: [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00056/full Electronic cigarettes and vaping: a new challenge in clinical medicine and public health. A literature review]=== | ===2013: [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00056/full Electronic cigarettes and vaping: a new challenge in clinical medicine and public health. A literature review]=== | ||
*When compared to the harmful effects of smoking, these studies suggest that vaping could be used as a possible “harm reduction” tool. There is evidence supporting e-cigarettes as an aide for smoking cessation, at least as successful as currently available FDA-approved NRTs. | *When compared to the harmful effects of smoking, these studies suggest that vaping could be used as a possible “harm reduction” tool. There is evidence supporting e-cigarettes as an aide for smoking cessation, at least as successful as currently available FDA-approved NRTs. | ||
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*While we found evidence supporting the view that e-cigarette use may be a bridge to quitting, we found very little evidence of e-cigarette use among adults who had never smoked. British smokers would benefit from information about the effective use, risks, and benefits of e-cigarettes, as this might enable the use of e-cigarettes to improve public health. | *While we found evidence supporting the view that e-cigarette use may be a bridge to quitting, we found very little evidence of e-cigarette use among adults who had never smoked. British smokers would benefit from information about the effective use, risks, and benefits of e-cigarettes, as this might enable the use of e-cigarettes to improve public health. | ||
*[https://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-pdf/15/10/1737/4005852/ntt057.pdf&hl=en&sa=T&oi=ucasa&ct=ufr&ei=5-niYKGiHo6RywT0wZbgCg&scisig=AAGBfm1x30ekBGwfhPgkxdJKFW0eOfPFPw PDF Version] | *[https://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-pdf/15/10/1737/4005852/ntt057.pdf&hl=en&sa=T&oi=ucasa&ct=ufr&ei=5-niYKGiHo6RywT0wZbgCg&scisig=AAGBfm1x30ekBGwfhPgkxdJKFW0eOfPFPw PDF Version] | ||
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*In smokers not intending to quit, the use of e-cigarettes, with or without nicotine, decreased cigarette consumption and elicited enduring tobacco abstinence without causing significant side effects. In view of the fact that subjects in this study had no immediate intention of quitting, the reported overall abstinence rate of 8.7% at 52-week was remarkable. | *In smokers not intending to quit, the use of e-cigarettes, with or without nicotine, decreased cigarette consumption and elicited enduring tobacco abstinence without causing significant side effects. In view of the fact that subjects in this study had no immediate intention of quitting, the reported overall abstinence rate of 8.7% at 52-week was remarkable. | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3691171/pdf/pone.0066317.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3691171/pdf/pone.0066317.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*E-cigarettes are used primarily for smoking cessation, but for a longer duration than nicotine replacement therapy, and users believe them to be safer than smoking | *E-cigarettes are used primarily for smoking cessation, but for a longer duration than nicotine replacement therapy, and users believe them to be safer than smoking | ||
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1111/add.12150 PDF Version] | *[https://sci-hub.st/10.1111/add.12150 PDF Version] | ||
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*The first study to demonstrate that the nicotine e-cigarette can improve working memory. | *The first study to demonstrate that the nicotine e-cigarette can improve working memory. | ||
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.004 PDF Version] | *[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.004 PDF Version] | ||
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*The most important message from this case series is that these smokers, with a documented history of recurring relapses, were able to quit smoking and to remain abstinent for at least six months after taking up an electronic cigarette. | *The most important message from this case series is that these smokers, with a documented history of recurring relapses, were able to quit smoking and to remain abstinent for at least six months after taking up an electronic cigarette. | ||
*[https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1752-1947-5-585.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1752-1947-5-585.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*The use of e-Cigarette substantially decreased cigarette consumption without causing significant side effects in smokers not intending to quit | *The use of e-Cigarette substantially decreased cigarette consumption without causing significant side effects in smokers not intending to quit | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3203079/pdf/1471-2458-11-786.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3203079/pdf/1471-2458-11-786.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*Users of nicotine‐containing e‐cigarettes reported better relief of withdrawal and a greater effect on smoking cessation than those using non‐nicotine e‐cigarettes. | *Users of nicotine‐containing e‐cigarettes reported better relief of withdrawal and a greater effect on smoking cessation than those using non‐nicotine e‐cigarettes. | ||
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03505.x PDF Version] | *[https://sci-hub.se/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03505.x PDF Version] | ||
===2011: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0749379710007920 Electronic Cigarettes As a Smoking-Cessation Tool: Results from an Online Survey]=== | ===2011: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0749379710007920 Electronic Cigarettes As a Smoking-Cessation Tool: Results from an Online Survey]=== | ||
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*The distinct and unique advantage of e-cigarettes is that they allow individuals to utilize one device that can simultaneously address nicotine withdrawal, psychological factors, and behavioral cues that serve as barriers to smoking abstinence. | *The distinct and unique advantage of e-cigarettes is that they allow individuals to utilize one device that can simultaneously address nicotine withdrawal, psychological factors, and behavioral cues that serve as barriers to smoking abstinence. | ||
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.amepre.2010.12.006 PDF Version] | *[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.amepre.2010.12.006 PDF Version] | ||
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*There were pervasive themes including the language and culture of vaping; social and informational support among vapers, motives and perceived benefits of using e-cigs versus cigarettes including cigarette-like enjoyment, cost, restored sense of taste and smell, and improved breathing and exercise tolerance; rapidly reduced nicotine tolerance and dependence; and a strong interest in e-cig–related research and policy. | *There were pervasive themes including the language and culture of vaping; social and informational support among vapers, motives and perceived benefits of using e-cigs versus cigarettes including cigarette-like enjoyment, cost, restored sense of taste and smell, and improved breathing and exercise tolerance; rapidly reduced nicotine tolerance and dependence; and a strong interest in e-cig–related research and policy. | ||
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1093/ntr/ntr088 PDF Version] | *[https://sci-hub.se/10.1093/ntr/ntr088 PDF Version] | ||
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*Conclusions “The 16 mg Ruyan V8 ENDD alleviated desire to smoke after overnight abstinence, was well tolerated and had a pharmacokinetic profile more like the Nicorette inhalator than a tobacco cigarette. Evaluation of the ENDD for longer-term safety, potential for long-term use and efficacy as a cessation aid is needed.” | *Conclusions “The 16 mg Ruyan V8 ENDD alleviated desire to smoke after overnight abstinence, was well tolerated and had a pharmacokinetic profile more like the Nicorette inhalator than a tobacco cigarette. Evaluation of the ENDD for longer-term safety, potential for long-term use and efficacy as a cessation aid is needed.” | ||
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1136/tc.2009.031567 PDF Version] | *[https://sci-hub.se/10.1136/tc.2009.031567 PDF Version] | ||
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*Our results suggest that ecigarettes are used mainly to quit smoking, and may be useful for this purpose. | *Our results suggest that ecigarettes are used mainly to quit smoking, and may be useful for this purpose. | ||
*[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2F1471-2458-10-231.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2F1471-2458-10-231.pdf PDF Version] | ||
===2006: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/15/3/210 Role of snus in initiation and cessation of tobacco smoking in Sweden]=== | ===2006: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/15/3/210 Role of snus in initiation and cessation of tobacco smoking in Sweden]=== | ||
*Use of snus in Sweden is associated with a reduced risk of becoming a daily smoker, and increased likelihood of stopping smoking | *Use of snus in Sweden is associated with a reduced risk of becoming a daily smoker, and increased likelihood of stopping smoking | ||
===2005: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/14/6/422 Is Swedish snus associated with smoking initiation or smoking cessation?]=== | ===2005: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/14/6/422 Is Swedish snus associated with smoking initiation or smoking cessation?]=== | ||
*“Among males participating in a large population based twin study in Sweden, snus use was associated with smoking cessation but not initiation.” | *“Among males participating in a large population based twin study in Sweden, snus use was associated with smoking cessation but not initiation.” | ||
*[https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/14/6/422.full.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/14/6/422.full.pdf PDF Version] | ||
='''Shareables'''= | ='''Shareables'''= | ||
edits