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*This page is for referencing the possible benefits of [[Abbreviations|'''ENDS''']] products vs. smoking cigarettes from a Respiratory System standpoint. (Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems are also known as vapor technology, ecigarettes, ecigs, EVP, etc.) | *This page is for referencing the possible benefits of [[Abbreviations|'''ENDS''']] products vs. smoking cigarettes from a Respiratory System standpoint. (Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems are also known as vapor technology, ecigarettes, ecigs, EVP, etc.) | ||
*If you'd prefer someone else to add a study to a topic, there is a subject section called "Suggested studies to add to this page". You may put the link in that section for one of the regular page editors to address. | *If you'd prefer someone else to add a study to a topic, there is a subject section called "Suggested studies to add to this page". You may put the link in that section for one of the regular page editors to address. | ||
*' | *If you'd like to add content to this page, please see the instructions for editors at the bottom of the page. | ||
=Studies= | |||
===2020: Benefits of e-cigarettes in smoking reduction and in pulmonary health among chronic smokers undergoing a lung cancer screening program at 6 months=== | ===2020: Benefits of e-cigarettes in smoking reduction and in pulmonary health among chronic smokers undergoing a lung cancer screening program at 6 months=== | ||
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Our data add to the efficacy and safety of e-cigarettes in helping smokers reducing tobacco consumption and improving pulmonary health status. | Our data add to the efficacy and safety of e-cigarettes in helping smokers reducing tobacco consumption and improving pulmonary health status. | ||
Pulmonary health, assessed with self-reported measures, clinical evaluations and the Leicester Cough Questionnaire, improved in participants who stopped smoking compared to their own baseline. Moreover, participants in this group [nicotine e-cigarettes] showed the lowest level of exhaled carbon monoxide, and the lowest level of dependence compared to the nicotine-free e-cigarette and control conditions. | Pulmonary health, assessed with self-reported measures, clinical evaluations and the Leicester Cough Questionnaire, improved in participants who stopped smoking compared to their own baseline. Moreover, participants in this group [nicotine e-cigarettes] showed the lowest level of exhaled carbon monoxide, and the lowest level of dependence compared to the nicotine-free e-cigarette and control conditions. | ||
===2020: E-Cigarettes and Respiratory Disease: A Replication, Extension, and Future Directions=== | ===2020: E-Cigarettes and Respiratory Disease: A Replication, Extension, and Future Directions=== | ||
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A striking feature of the data is that almost all e-cigarette users were either current or former smokers of combustible tobacco. | A striking feature of the data is that almost all e-cigarette users were either current or former smokers of combustible tobacco. | ||
Among respondents who had never smoked combustible tobacco, we find no evidence that current or former e-cigarette use is associated with respiratory disease. | Among respondents who had never smoked combustible tobacco, we find no evidence that current or former e-cigarette use is associated with respiratory disease. | ||
===2020: Exclusive e-cigarette users report lower levels of respiratory symptoms relative to dual e-cigarette and cigarette users=== | ===2020: Exclusive e-cigarette users report lower levels of respiratory symptoms relative to dual e-cigarette and cigarette users=== | ||
Findings suggest that differences in respiratory symptoms between dual and exclusive e-cigarette users appear to be attributable to combustible cigarette smoking, rather than more intense or frequent e-cigarette use across groups. | Findings suggest that differences in respiratory symptoms between dual and exclusive e-cigarette users appear to be attributable to combustible cigarette smoking, rather than more intense or frequent e-cigarette use across groups. | ||
===2020: Investigation on the antibacterial activity of electronic cigarette liquids (ECLs): a proof of concept study=== | |||
Our results have shown that flavors considerably enhance antibacterial activity. | ===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32881666/ Investigation on the antibacterial activity of electronic cigarette liquids (ECLs): a proof of concept study]=== | ||
This study provides important evidence that should be taken into consideration in further investigative approaches, to clarify the different sensitivity of the various bacterial species to e-liquids, including the respiratory microbiota, to highlight the possible role of flavors and nicotine. | *Our results have shown that flavors considerably enhance antibacterial activity. | ||
*This study provides important evidence that should be taken into consideration in further investigative approaches, to clarify the different sensitivity of the various bacterial species to e-liquids, including the respiratory microbiota, to highlight the possible role of flavors and nicotine. | |||
*Citation: Virginia Fuochi, Massimo Caruso , Rosalia Emma, Aldo Stivala, Riccardo Polosa, Alfio Distefano and Pio Maria Furneri *, “Investigation on the Antibacterial Activity of Electronic Cigarette Liquids (ECLs): A Proof of Concept Study”, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (2020) 21: 1. doi:10.2174/1389201021666200903121624 | |||
===2020: COPD smokers who switched to e-cigarettes: health outcomes at 5-year follow up=== | ===2020: COPD smokers who switched to e-cigarettes: health outcomes at 5-year follow up=== | ||
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===2018: Health effects in COPD smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes: a retrospective-prospective 3-year follow-up=== | ===2018: Health effects in COPD smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes: a retrospective-prospective 3-year follow-up=== | ||
reverse some of the harm resulting from tobacco smoking in COPD patients. | reverse some of the harm resulting from tobacco smoking in COPD patients. | ||
===2017: E-cigarettes in patients with COPD: current perspectives=== | ===2017: E-cigarettes in patients with COPD: current perspectives=== | ||
Although ECs are not risk free, they are much less harmful than conventional tobacco smoking. The emerging clinical evidence suggests that ECs are unlikely to raise significant health concerns for the respiratory tract under normal conditions of use, even in smokers with preexisting lung disease. In particular, recent studies in COPD and chronic asthma suggest that substitution of conventional tobacco cigarettes for ECs can ameliorate subjective and objective disease-related outcomes and exacerbation rates as well as improving success in abstaining from smoking long term. | Although ECs are not risk free, they are much less harmful than conventional tobacco smoking. The emerging clinical evidence suggests that ECs are unlikely to raise significant health concerns for the respiratory tract under normal conditions of use, even in smokers with preexisting lung disease. In particular, recent studies in COPD and chronic asthma suggest that substitution of conventional tobacco cigarettes for ECs can ameliorate subjective and objective disease-related outcomes and exacerbation rates as well as improving success in abstaining from smoking long term. | ||
===2017: Reduced biological effect of e-cigarette aerosol compared to cigarette smoke evaluated in vitro using normalized nicotine dose and RNA-seq-based toxicogenomics=== | ===2017: Reduced biological effect of e-cigarette aerosol compared to cigarette smoke evaluated in vitro using normalized nicotine dose and RNA-seq-based toxicogenomics=== | ||
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Based on equivalent or higher nicotine delivery, an acute exposure to e-cigarette aerosol had a reduced impact on gene expression compared to 3R4F smoke exposure in vitro. | Based on equivalent or higher nicotine delivery, an acute exposure to e-cigarette aerosol had a reduced impact on gene expression compared to 3R4F smoke exposure in vitro. | ||
Therefore, we can conclude that the data strongly supports the adverse effect of acute exposure to cigarette smoke on MucilAir™ cells with functional enrichment for cancer, inflammation and fibrosis genes. In contrast, RNA-seq-based toxicogenomics showed a reduced impact of e-cigarette aerosols acute exposure on MucilAir™ cells compared with 3R4F reference cigarette at equivalent or higher dose of nicotine exposure. | Therefore, we can conclude that the data strongly supports the adverse effect of acute exposure to cigarette smoke on MucilAir™ cells with functional enrichment for cancer, inflammation and fibrosis genes. In contrast, RNA-seq-based toxicogenomics showed a reduced impact of e-cigarette aerosols acute exposure on MucilAir™ cells compared with 3R4F reference cigarette at equivalent or higher dose of nicotine exposure. | ||
===2017: Electronic cigarette vapor alters the lateral structure but not tensiometric properties of calf lung surfactant=== | ===2017: Electronic cigarette vapor alters the lateral structure but not tensiometric properties of calf lung surfactant=== | ||
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===2016: Evidence for harm reduction in COPD smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes (EC’s)=== | ===2016: Evidence for harm reduction in COPD smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes (EC’s)=== | ||
Conclusion: “These findings suggest that ECs use may aid smokers with COPD reduce their cigarette consumption or remain abstinent, which results in marked improvements in annual exacerbation rate as well as subjective and objective COPD outcomes.” | Conclusion: “These findings suggest that ECs use may aid smokers with COPD reduce their cigarette consumption or remain abstinent, which results in marked improvements in annual exacerbation rate as well as subjective and objective COPD outcomes.” | ||
===2016: Changes in the Frequency of Airway Infections in Smokers Who Switched to Vaping: Results of an Online Survey=== | ===2016: Changes in the Frequency of Airway Infections in Smokers Who Switched to Vaping: Results of an Online Survey=== | ||
Results: “Altogether 941 responses were received. Overall, 29% of responders reported no change in respiratory symptoms, 5% reported worsening, and 66% reported an improvement (95% CI=62.9-69.0).” | Results: “Altogether 941 responses were received. Overall, 29% of responders reported no change in respiratory symptoms, 5% reported worsening, and 66% reported an improvement (95% CI=62.9-69.0).” | ||
===2016: Changes in breathomics from a 1‐year randomized smoking cessation trial of electronic cigarettes=== | ===2016: Changes in breathomics from a 1‐year randomized smoking cessation trial of electronic cigarettes=== | ||
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=PAGE EDITORS - Please add Studies, Surveys, Papers in this format to keep page organized= | |||
*Topic | |||
*Year (list new to old) Name of Study (In link format to the study) | |||
*Note here if animal study (leave blank if not) | |||
*Brief Summary | |||
*Link to PDF Version | |||
*Citation | |||
*Acknowledgements (funded by, helped by) | |||
*Keywords | |||
*Other | |||
=Suggested studies to add to this page= | |||
=More Information= | |||
*Click on the category link below for more studies by topic on ENDS and Nicotine. | *Click on the category link below for more studies by topic on ENDS and Nicotine. | ||
[[Category:Studies, Surveys, and Papers]] | [[Category:Studies, Surveys, and Papers]] | ||
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