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==Sarcoidosis== | ==Sarcoidosis== | ||
==Seizures / Epilepsy== | ==Seizures / Epilepsy== | ||
===2012 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03715.x Resolution of epileptic encephalopathy following treatment with transdermal nicotine]=== | |||
*We report resolution of an epileptic encephalopathy by administration of transdermal nicotine patches in an adolescent with severe nonlesional refractory frontal lobe epilepsy. The 18.5‐year‐old female patient had refractory epilepsy from the age of 11. Recurrent electroencephalography (EEG) recordings showed mostly generalized activity, albeit with right frontal predominance. Almost all antiepileptic medications failed to provide benefit. She developed an encephalopathic state with cognitive decline. The nonlesional frontal lobe epilepsy and a family history of a cousin with nocturnal epilepsy with frontal origin suggested genetic etiology. Transdermal nicotine patches brought complete resolution of the seizures, normalization of the EEG, and a significant improvement in her thinking process and speech organization. Sequencing of the CHRNB2 and CHRNA4 genes did not detect a mutation. Transdermal nicotine patches should be considered in severe pharmacoresistant frontal lobe epilepsy. | |||
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03715.x PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Zerem, A., Nishri, D., Yosef, Y., Blumkin, L., Lev, D., Leshinsky‐Silver, E., Kivity, S. and Lerman‐Sagie, T. (2013), Resolution of epileptic encephalopathy following treatment with transdermal nicotine. Epilepsia, 54: e13-e15. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03715.x | |||
*Acknowledgments: We thank Dr. Marcio Sotero De Menezes for suggesting the nicotine patch treatment in our patient following resolution of epilepsy in his patient with a similar presentation. | |||
*Key Words: Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, Refractory epilepsy. | |||
===2003 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.58102.x-i1?sid=nlm%3Apubmed Nicotine as an Antiepileptic Agent in ADNFLE: An N‐of‐One Study]=== | |||
*In this individual with refractory [[Abbreviations|ADNFLE]], nicotine had a therapeutic effect on seizures, and it may be useful to others with this disorder. | |||
*[https://sci-hub.st/https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.58102.x-i1 PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Willoughby, J.O., Pope, K.J. and Eaton, V. (2003), Nicotine as an Antiepileptic Agent in ADNFLE: An N‐of‐One Study. Epilepsia, 44: 1238-1240. doi: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.58102.x-i1 | |||
*Acknowledgments: The Pharmacy Department undertook randomization and allocation of the trial phase. Nicotine patches and matching placebo patches were provided through SmithKlineBeecham Consumer Healthcare Australia. The patient was cooperatively conscientious in her documentation of seizures. Dr. Stephen Johnson provided helpful comments on nicotinic receptor pharmacology. | |||
==Sleep Apnea== | ==Sleep Apnea== | ||
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