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| ===2020: Inequalities, harm reduction and non-combustible nicotine products: a meta-ethnography of qualitative evidence=== | | ===2020: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7296947/ Inequalities, harm reduction and non-combustible nicotine products: a meta-ethnography of qualitative evidence]=== |
| The review only identified studies exploring the attitudes of socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers towards NCNP (non-combustible nicotine products) for harm reduction or cessation purposes (i.e. we did not identify any relevant studies of more advantaged socioeconomic groups). | | *The review only identified studies exploring the attitudes of socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers towards NCNP (non-combustible nicotine products) for harm reduction or cessation purposes (i.e. we did not identify any relevant studies of more advantaged socioeconomic groups). |
| Using a lines-of-argument meta-ethnographic approach, we identified a predominantly pessimistic attitude to NCNP for harm reduction or cessation of smoking due to: | | *Using a lines-of-argument meta-ethnographic approach, we identified a predominantly pessimistic attitude to NCNP for harm reduction or cessation of smoking due to: |
| wider circumstances of socioeconomic disadvantage; | | **wider circumstances of socioeconomic disadvantage; |
| lack of a perceived advantage of alternative products over smoking; | | **lack of a perceived advantage of alternative products over smoking; |
| and a perceived lack of information about relative harms of NCNP compared to smoking. | | **and a perceived lack of information about relative harms of NCNP compared to smoking. |
| Optimistic findings, although fewer, suggested the potential of NCNP being taken up among smokers experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage. | | *Optimistic findings, although fewer, suggested the potential of NCNP being taken up among smokers experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage. |
| | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7296947/pdf/12889_2020_Article_9083.pdf PDF Version] |
| | *Citation: Lucherini M, Hill S, Smith K. Inequalities, harm reduction and non-combustible nicotine products: a meta-ethnography of qualitative evidence. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):943. Published 2020 Jun 15. doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09083-9 |
| | *Acknowledgement: The review is part of a project funded by Cancer Research UK. The award number is: C55561/A21553. |
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| ===2019: Socioeconomic Disparities in Electronic Cigarette Use and Transitions from Smoking=== | | ===2019: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article/21/10/1363/5039191?login=true Socioeconomic Disparities in Electronic Cigarette Use and Transitions from Smoking]=== |
| Furthermore, more educated smokers are more likely to switch to exclusive e-cigarette use than less educated smokers. | | *Furthermore, more educated smokers are more likely to switch to exclusive e-cigarette use than less educated smokers. |
| Such differential switching may exacerbate socioeconomic disparities in smoking-related morbidity and mortality, but lower the burden of tobacco-related disease. | | *Such differential switching may exacerbate socioeconomic disparities in smoking-related morbidity and mortality, but lower the burden of tobacco-related disease. |
| | *[https://sci-hub.st/10.1093/ntr/nty120 PDF Version] |
| | *Citation: Friedman, A. S., & Horn, S. J. L. (2018). Socioeconomic Disparities in Electronic Cigarette Use and Transitions from Smoking. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. doi:10.1093/ntr/nty120 |
| | *Acknowledgement: This work was not supported by outside funding. |
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| ===2019: Effect of Electronic Cigarettes on Smoking Reduction and Cessation in Korean Male Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Study=== | | ===2019: [https://www.jabfm.org/content/32/4/567.long Effect of Electronic Cigarettes on Smoking Reduction and Cessation in Korean Male Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Study]=== |
| In our study, the effect of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation was similar compared with that of nicotine gum, a well-documented NRT. In addition, e-cigarettes were well tolerated by the study population. Therefore, the use of e-cigarettes as an NRT may be considered for smoking-cessation purposes. | | *In our study, the effect of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation was similar compared with that of nicotine gum, a well-documented NRT. In addition, e-cigarettes were well tolerated by the study population. Therefore, the use of e-cigarettes as an NRT may be considered for smoking-cessation purposes. |
| | *[https://www.jabfm.org/content/jabfp/32/4/567.full.pdf PDF Version] |
| | *Citation: Effect of Electronic Cigarettes on Smoking Reduction and Cessation in Korean Male Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Study; Seung-Hwa Lee, Sang-Hyun Ahn, Yoo-Seock Cheong; The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jul 2019, 32 (4) 567-574; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2019.04.180384 |
| | *Acknowledgement: No outside funding |
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| ===2018: Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Differences in E-Cigarette Uptake Among Cigarette Smokers: Longitudinal Analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study=== | | ===2018: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6751515/ Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Differences in E-Cigarette Uptake Among Cigarette Smokers: Longitudinal Analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study]=== |
| Compared with non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanics were less likely to become exclusive e-cigarette users | | *Compared with non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanics were less likely to become exclusive e-cigarette users |
| Low-income smokers were less likely than higher-income smokers to become exclusive e-cigarette users | | *Low-income smokers were less likely than higher-income smokers to become exclusive e-cigarette users |
| Black, Hispanic, and low-income smokers were more likely to believe e-cigarettes are more harmful than cigarettes and to have positive tobacco-related social norms. | | *Black, Hispanic, and low-income smokers were more likely to believe e-cigarettes are more harmful than cigarettes and to have positive tobacco-related social norms. |
| Results of this study show that the exclusive use of e-cigarettes is more prevalent in higher-income and White smokers. Our data suggest that higher-income and White smokers may be more likely to use e-cigarettes as a means to quit combustible cigarettes compared with low-income and racial/ethnic minority smokers. These findings suggest that sociodemographic differences in e-cigarette uptake and use patterns may contribute to widening disparities in cigarette smoking. | | *Results of this study show that the exclusive use of e-cigarettes is more prevalent in higher-income and White smokers. Our data suggest that higher-income and White smokers may be more likely to use e-cigarettes as a means to quit combustible cigarettes compared with low-income and racial/ethnic minority smokers. These findings suggest that sociodemographic differences in e-cigarette uptake and use patterns may contribute to widening disparities in cigarette smoking. |
| | | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6751515/pdf/nty141.pdf PDF Version] |
| | | *Citation: Harlow AF, Stokes A, Brooks DR. Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Differences in E-Cigarette Uptake Among Cigarette Smokers: Longitudinal Analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2019;21(10):1385-1393. doi:10.1093/ntr/nty141 |
| ===2016: Racial/Ethnic Differences in Electronic Cigarette Use and Reasons for Use among Current and Former Smokers: Findings from a Community-Based Sample===
| | *Acknowledgement: Research was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health and the Center for Tobacco Products under Award Number P50HL120163. |
| This study found more similarities than differences among Whites, African Americans/Blacks, and Hispanics with a history of tobacco smoking.
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| African Americans/Blacks were significantly less likely to report ever-use compared to Whites and Hispanics (50% vs. 71% and 71%, respectively; p < 0.001).
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| African American/Black ever users were more likely to report plans to continue using e-cigarettes compared to Whites and Hispanics (72% vs. 53% and 47%, respectively, p = 0.01).
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| African American/Black participants were more likely to use e-cigarettes as a cessation aid compared to both Whites (p = 0.03) and Hispanics (p = 0.48)
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| White participants were more likely to use e-cigarettes to save money compared to Hispanics (p = 0.02).
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| | ===2016: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5086748/?report=classic Racial/Ethnic Differences in Electronic Cigarette Use and Reasons for Use among Current and Former Smokers: Findings from a Community-Based Sample]=== |
| | *This study found more similarities than differences among Whites, African Americans/Blacks, and Hispanics with a history of tobacco smoking. |
| | *African Americans/Blacks were significantly less likely to report ever-use compared to Whites and Hispanics (50% vs. 71% and 71%, respectively; p < 0.001). |
| | *African American/Black ever users were more likely to report plans to continue using e-cigarettes compared to Whites and Hispanics (72% vs. 53% and 47%, respectively, p = 0.01). |
| | *African American/Black participants were more likely to use e-cigarettes as a cessation aid compared to both Whites (p = 0.03) and Hispanics (p = 0.48) |
| | *White participants were more likely to use e-cigarettes to save money compared to Hispanics (p = 0.02). |
| | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5086748/pdf/ijerph-13-01009.pdf PDF Version] |
| | *Citation: Webb Hooper M, Kolar SK. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Electronic Cigarette Use and Reasons for Use among Current and Former Smokers: Findings from a Community-Based Sample. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13(10):1009. Published 2016 Oct 14. doi:10.3390/ijerph13101009 |
| | *Acknoledgement: We thank the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami for funding this study and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center for providing funds for open access publication. |
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| =Regulations and Taxes= | | =Regulations and Taxes= |