Nicotine - Retracted Studies, Papers, and Articles: Difference between revisions

**"One of the essential criteria of causal inference is that exposure to the cause precedes disease onset. Three of the diseases Glantz studies — COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysema — take decades to become clinically apparent and would have been present, even though undiagnosed, in many of his cases long before his study began in 2014, and indeed even before e-cigarettes first became available in the US in about 2007. His findings are also flawed by the fact that most vapers have smoked, and since smoking is a strong cause of chronic lung disease, vapers inevitably carry an increased risk of lung disease long after quitting smoking. Glantz claims to have allowed for this statistically but his approach is simplistic: he lacks the detail of lifetime duration and intensity of smoking required. On these grounds alone his conclusion is specious." (Britton)

**"Donald Kenkel and colleagues at Cornell University conducted a replication of the analysis using econometric techniques...When we use a more flexible empirical specification, among respondents who had never smoked combustible tobacco, we find no evidence that current or former e-cigarette use is associated with respiratory disease. The statistical associations between e-cigarette use and respiratory disease are driven by e-cigarette users who are also current or former smokers of combustible tobacco. A striking feature of the data is that almost all e-cigarette users were either current or former smokers of combustible tobacco." (Bates)

===2019: RE: [https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-study-on-ecig-vapour-and-cancer-in-mice/ Electronic-cigarette smoke induces lung adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial hyperplasia in mice]===