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===2022: [https://media.thr.net/strapi/34d52398d9056adece15e8bda5172870.pdf?updated_at=2023-08-29T12:28:33.423Z THE CASE FOR FLAVOURS IN TOBACCO HARM REDUCTION, TO SAVE LIVES]=== | |||
*This 2022 updated review evaluates the use of flavours in THR products, specifically, nicotine vaping products. It highlights the link between (flavoured) vaping products and smoking cessation, and the potential benefits and risks of flavours and their availability for public health. | |||
=Public Health Advantages / Concerns of Public Health Harms= <!--T:17--> | |||
===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32881666/ Investigation on the antibacterial activity of electronic cigarette liquids (ECLs): a proof of concept study]=== <!--T:18--> | ===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32881666/ Investigation on the antibacterial activity of electronic cigarette liquids (ECLs): a proof of concept study]=== <!--T:18--> | ||
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*This study provides important evidence that should be taken into consideration in further investigative approaches, to clarify the different sensitivity of the various bacterial species to e-liquids, including the respiratory microbiota, to highlight the possible role of flavors and nicotine. | *This study provides important evidence that should be taken into consideration in further investigative approaches, to clarify the different sensitivity of the various bacterial species to e-liquids, including the respiratory microbiota, to highlight the possible role of flavors and nicotine. | ||
*Citation: Virginia Fuochi, Massimo Caruso , Rosalia Emma, Aldo Stivala, Riccardo Polosa, Alfio Distefano and Pio Maria Furneri *, “Investigation on the Antibacterial Activity of Electronic Cigarette Liquids (ECLs): A Proof of Concept Study”, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (2020) 21: 1. doi:10.2174/1389201021666200903121624 | *Citation: Virginia Fuochi, Massimo Caruso , Rosalia Emma, Aldo Stivala, Riccardo Polosa, Alfio Distefano and Pio Maria Furneri *, “Investigation on the Antibacterial Activity of Electronic Cigarette Liquids (ECLs): A Proof of Concept Study”, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (2020) 21: 1. doi:10.2174/1389201021666200903121624 | ||
===2019: [https://www.cmaj.ca/content/re-vape-related-popcorn-lung-debunked-years-ago RE: Vape related "Popcorn Lung" debunked years ago]=== <!--T:20--> | ===2019: [https://www.cmaj.ca/content/re-vape-related-popcorn-lung-debunked-years-ago RE: Vape related "Popcorn Lung" debunked years ago]=== <!--T:20--> | ||
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**There's just one minor fact that is omitted completely in the article, as well as in all the media coverage. | **There's just one minor fact that is omitted completely in the article, as well as in all the media coverage. | ||
**That fact: All conventional cigarettes produce tobacco smoke that contains diacetyl, and the levels of diacetyl in cigarettes are a lot higher than those produced by e-cigarettes. | **That fact: All conventional cigarettes produce tobacco smoke that contains diacetyl, and the levels of diacetyl in cigarettes are a lot higher than those produced by e-cigarettes. | ||
===2019: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887233318307768?via%3Dihub High Content Screening in NHBE cells shows significantly reduced biological activity of flavoured e-liquids, when compared to cigarette smoke condensate]=== <!--T:22--> | ===2019: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887233318307768?via%3Dihub High Content Screening in NHBE cells shows significantly reduced biological activity of flavoured e-liquids, when compared to cigarette smoke condensate]=== <!--T:22--> | ||
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*Acknowledgements: This work was funded and supported by Fontem Ventures B.V., part of Imperial Brands Group PLC. | *Acknowledgements: This work was funded and supported by Fontem Ventures B.V., part of Imperial Brands Group PLC. | ||
* Keywords: Flavours, In vitro, Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial cells, High Content Screening, E-liquids, Cigarette, flavor, flavoring, flavored | * Keywords: Flavours, In vitro, Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial cells, High Content Screening, E-liquids, Cigarette, flavor, flavoring, flavored | ||
===2019: [https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0318-2?optIn=false Toxicity classification of e-cigarette flavouring compounds based on European Union regulation: analysis of findings from a recent study]=== <!--T:24--> | ===2019: [https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0318-2?optIn=false Toxicity classification of e-cigarette flavouring compounds based on European Union regulation: analysis of findings from a recent study]=== <!--T:24--> | ||
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*Farsalinos, K., Lagoumintzis, G. Toxicity classification of e-cigarette flavouring compounds based on European Union regulation: analysis of findings from a recent study. Harm Reduct J 16, 48 (2019). doi: 10.1186/s12954-019-0318-2 | *Farsalinos, K., Lagoumintzis, G. Toxicity classification of e-cigarette flavouring compounds based on European Union regulation: analysis of findings from a recent study. Harm Reduct J 16, 48 (2019). doi: 10.1186/s12954-019-0318-2 | ||
*Acknowledgements: The authors report no conflict of interest for the past 36 months. For the past 60 months, KF has published 2 studies funded by the non-profit association AEMSA and 1 study funded by the non-profit association Tennessee Smoke-Free Association. | *Acknowledgements: The authors report no conflict of interest for the past 36 months. For the past 60 months, KF has published 2 studies funded by the non-profit association AEMSA and 1 study funded by the non-profit association Tennessee Smoke-Free Association. | ||
===2019: [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0222152&fbclid=IwAR1Rqtl6D0eLtqU0-pqJ5vlSlLK2xlJk8rs0djo90oeUAwIdX9IgmYgByZY Effects of flavoring compounds used in electronic cigarette refill liquids on endothelial and vascular function]=== <!--T:26--> | ===2019: [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0222152&fbclid=IwAR1Rqtl6D0eLtqU0-pqJ5vlSlLK2xlJk8rs0djo90oeUAwIdX9IgmYgByZY Effects of flavoring compounds used in electronic cigarette refill liquids on endothelial and vascular function]=== <!--T:26--> | ||
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*Citation: Wölkart G, Kollau A, Stessel H, Russwurm M, Koesling D, Schrammel A, et al. (2019) Effects of flavoring compounds used in electronic cigarette refill liquids on endothelial and vascular function. PLoS ONE 14(9): e0222152. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222152 | *Citation: Wölkart G, Kollau A, Stessel H, Russwurm M, Koesling D, Schrammel A, et al. (2019) Effects of flavoring compounds used in electronic cigarette refill liquids on endothelial and vascular function. PLoS ONE 14(9): e0222152. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222152 | ||
*Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant [P24946] to BM. | *Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant [P24946] to BM. | ||
===2018: [https://reason.org/wp-content/uploads/public-health-case-e-cigarette-flavors.pdf A QUESTION OF TASTE: THE PUBLIC HEALTH CASE FOR E-CIGARETTE FLAVORS]=== <!--T:28--> | ===2018: [https://reason.org/wp-content/uploads/public-health-case-e-cigarette-flavors.pdf A QUESTION OF TASTE: THE PUBLIC HEALTH CASE FOR E-CIGARETTE FLAVORS]=== <!--T:28--> | ||
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*'''Any policy that harms the exclusive makers of reduced-risk products such as e-cigarettes more than the makers of traditional cigarettes is not in the interests of public health. ''' | *'''Any policy that harms the exclusive makers of reduced-risk products such as e-cigarettes more than the makers of traditional cigarettes is not in the interests of public health. ''' | ||
*Report Author (55 pages): Guy Bentley | *Report Author (55 pages): Guy Bentley | ||
===2018: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/research/2018/262-flavors Paper: E-cigarette flavors and aldehyde emissions: another failure to verify findings from a previous study]=== <!--T:30--> | ===2018: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/research/2018/262-flavors Paper: E-cigarette flavors and aldehyde emissions: another failure to verify findings from a previous study]=== <!--T:30--> | ||
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**We would like to point out that the finding is in a stark contrast to previous results. | **We would like to point out that the finding is in a stark contrast to previous results. | ||
**The high levels only happen under dry puff conditions, something avoided by vapers as it is very unpleasant. | **The high levels only happen under dry puff conditions, something avoided by vapers as it is very unpleasant. | ||
===2017: [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports/pdfs/2015-0107-3279.pdf?fbclid=IwAR37EOr5p5EwptMhuyrIwEDkfi4qbMh0nRwu6yz2VkY0Um-q138f3LfK64Y Evaluation of Chemical Exposures at a Vape Shop]=== <!--T:32--> | ===2017: [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports/pdfs/2015-0107-3279.pdf?fbclid=IwAR37EOr5p5EwptMhuyrIwEDkfi4qbMh0nRwu6yz2VkY0Um-q138f3LfK64Y Evaluation of Chemical Exposures at a Vape Shop]=== <!--T:32--> | ||
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*Concentrations of vaping-related chemicals in our air samples were below occupational exposure limits. | *Concentrations of vaping-related chemicals in our air samples were below occupational exposure limits. | ||
*Citation: NIOSH 2017. Evaluation of chemical exposures at a vape shop. By Zwack LM, Stefaniak AB, LeBouf RF. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Hazard Evaluation Report 2015-0107-3279 | *Citation: NIOSH 2017. Evaluation of chemical exposures at a vape shop. By Zwack LM, Stefaniak AB, LeBouf RF. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Hazard Evaluation Report 2015-0107-3279 | ||
===2016: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/25/Suppl_2/ii67 Cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping patterns as a function of e-cigarette flavourings]=== <!--T:34--> | ===2016: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/25/Suppl_2/ii67 Cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping patterns as a function of e-cigarette flavourings]=== <!--T:34--> | ||
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*Citation: Litt MD, Duffy V, Oncken C. Cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping patterns as a function of e-cigarette flavourings, Tobacco Control 2016;25:ii67-ii72. | *Citation: Litt MD, Duffy V, Oncken C. Cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping patterns as a function of e-cigarette flavourings, Tobacco Control 2016;25:ii67-ii72. | ||
*Acknowledgement: Support for this project was provided by Grant 1 R01 DA036492 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and in part by General Clinical Research Center Grant M01-RR06192 from the National Institutes of Health. | *Acknowledgement: Support for this project was provided by Grant 1 R01 DA036492 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and in part by General Clinical Research Center Grant M01-RR06192 from the National Institutes of Health. | ||
===2015: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/whats-new/whatsnew-2015/234-bo Medical journal misrepresents a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis as popcorn lung disease caused by e-cigarette]=== <!--T:36--> | ===2015: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/whats-new/whatsnew-2015/234-bo Medical journal misrepresents a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis as popcorn lung disease caused by e-cigarette]=== <!--T:36--> | ||
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*It was shocking to see a public statement reporting a case of popcorn lung disease in a patient using e-cigarettes. The title of the public release is: “Case report finds 'popcorn lung' in patient using e-cigarettes. Report points to possibility of diacetyl, a flavoring agent in e-cigarettes, to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome” | *It was shocking to see a public statement reporting a case of popcorn lung disease in a patient using e-cigarettes. The title of the public release is: “Case report finds 'popcorn lung' in patient using e-cigarettes. Report points to possibility of diacetyl, a flavoring agent in e-cigarettes, to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome” | ||
*The case report is NOT about popcorn lung disease. The article then goes on to explain why it can’t be popcorn lung. | *The case report is NOT about popcorn lung disease. The article then goes on to explain why it can’t be popcorn lung. | ||
===2015: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273230015001245?via%3Dihub An approach to ingredient screening and toxicological risk assessment of flavours in e-liquids]=== <!--T:38--> | ===2015: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273230015001245?via%3Dihub An approach to ingredient screening and toxicological risk assessment of flavours in e-liquids]=== <!--T:38--> | ||
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*Citation: S. Costigan, C. Meredith, An approach to ingredient screening and toxicological risk assessment of flavours in e-liquids, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Volume 72, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 361-369, ISSN 0273-2300, doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.018. | *Citation: S. Costigan, C. Meredith, An approach to ingredient screening and toxicological risk assessment of flavours in e-liquids, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Volume 72, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 361-369, ISSN 0273-2300, doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.018. | ||
*Acknowledgements: This work was joint funded by Nicoventures and British American Tobacco (BAT), and the authors are full time employees of Nicoventures and British American Tobacco (BAT). | *Acknowledgements: This work was joint funded by Nicoventures and British American Tobacco (BAT), and the authors are full time employees of Nicoventures and British American Tobacco (BAT). | ||
===2013: [https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/10/5146/htm Comparison of the Cytotoxic Potential of Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapour (Vapor) Extract on Cultured Myocardial Cells]=== <!--T:40--> | ===2013: [https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/10/5146/htm Comparison of the Cytotoxic Potential of Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapour (Vapor) Extract on Cultured Myocardial Cells]=== <!--T:40--> | ||
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*[https://sci-hub.do/10.3390/ijerph10105146 PDF Version] | *[https://sci-hub.do/10.3390/ijerph10105146 PDF Version] | ||
*Citation: Farsalinos, K., Romagna, G., Allifranchini, E., Ripamonti, E., Bocchietto, E., Todeschi, S., … Voudris, V. (2013). Comparison of the Cytotoxic Potential of Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapour Extract on Cultured Myocardial Cells. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(10), 5146–5162. doi:10.3390/ijerph10105146 | *Citation: Farsalinos, K., Romagna, G., Allifranchini, E., Ripamonti, E., Bocchietto, E., Todeschi, S., … Voudris, V. (2013). Comparison of the Cytotoxic Potential of Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapour Extract on Cultured Myocardial Cells. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(10), 5146–5162. doi:10.3390/ijerph10105146 | ||
*Acknowledgement: The study was funded in part by the Greek Association of E-cigarette Businesses (SEEHT). | *Acknowledgement: The study was funded in part by the Greek Association of E-cigarette Businesses (SEEHT). | ||
=Regulations or Unintended Consequences= <!--T:42--> | =Regulations or Unintended Consequences= <!--T:42--> | ||
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