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*Citation: Pulvers, K., Emami, A. S., Nollen, N. L., Romero, D. R., Strong, D. R., Benowitz, N. L., & Ahluwalia, J. S. (2016). Tobacco Consumption and Toxicant Exposure of Cigarette Smokers Using Electronic Cigarettes. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, ntw333. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntw333 | *Citation: Pulvers, K., Emami, A. S., Nollen, N. L., Romero, D. R., Strong, D. R., Benowitz, N. L., & Ahluwalia, J. S. (2016). Tobacco Consumption and Toxicant Exposure of Cigarette Smokers Using Electronic Cigarettes. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, ntw333. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntw333 | ||
===2016: Reductions in biomarkers of exposure, impacts on smoking urge and assessment of product use and tolerability in adult smokers following partial or complete substitution of cigarettes with electronic cigarettes=== | ===2016 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4940751/ Reductions in biomarkers of exposure, impacts on smoking urge and assessment of product use and tolerability in adult smokers following partial or complete substitution of cigarettes with electronic cigarettes]=== | ||
*Subjects switching to e-cigarettes had significantly lower levels (29 %–95 %) of urinary | *Subjects switching to e-cigarettes had significantly lower levels (29 %–95 %) of urinary [[Special:MyLanguage/Abbreviations|BoE]]s after 5 days. Nicotine equivalents declined by 25 %–40 %. | ||
*All groups experienced significant decreases in exhaled CO (27 %–89 %). | *Dual users who substituted half of their self-reported daily cigarette consumption with e-cigarettes experienced 7 %–38 % reductions, but had increases (1 %–20 %) in nicotine equivalents. | ||
* | *Blood nicotine biomarker levels were lower in the cessation (75 %–96 %) and e-cigarette use groups (11 %–83 %); dual users had no significant reductions. | ||
*Citation: | *All groups experienced significant decreases in exhaled CO (27 %–89 %). Exhaled NO increases (46 %–63 %) were observed in the cessation and e-cigarette use groups; dual users had minimal changes. | ||
*By Day 5, all groups had greater reductions in smoking urge compared to cessation. However, reductions were larger in the dual use group. | |||
*No serious adverse events were observed. | |||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4940751/pdf/12889_2016_Article_3236.pdf PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: D'Ruiz CD, Graff DW, Robinson E. Reductions in biomarkers of exposure, impacts on smoking urge and assessment of product use and tolerability in adult smokers following partial or complete substitution of cigarettes with electronic cigarettes. BMC Public Health. 2016 Jul 11;16:543. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3236-1. PMID: 27401980; PMCID: PMC4940751. | |||
===2016: Electronic cigarette aerosol induces significantly less cytotoxicity than tobacco smoke=== | ===2016: Electronic cigarette aerosol induces significantly less cytotoxicity than tobacco smoke=== | ||
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