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** In studies on ENDS, it may be beneficial to use a panel of biomarkers | ** In studies on ENDS, it may be beneficial to use a panel of biomarkers | ||
* The biomarker levels of many tobacco-related toxicants measured in biological samples collected from ENDS users did not differ significantly from non-users, except for nicotine metabolites and a small number of biomarkers of exposure to volatile organic compounds and tobacco-specific tobacco nitrosamines. Several studies have shown that while exposed to nicotine, long-term exclusive ENDS users showed significantly lower levels of toxicant biomarkers than cigarette smokers. | * The biomarker levels of many tobacco-related toxicants measured in biological samples collected from ENDS users did not differ significantly from non-users, except for nicotine metabolites and a small number of biomarkers of exposure to volatile organic compounds and tobacco-specific tobacco nitrosamines. Several studies have shown that while exposed to nicotine, long-term exclusive ENDS users showed significantly lower levels of toxicant biomarkers than cigarette smokers. | ||
* Goniewicz ML. Addict Neurosci. 2023 Jun;6:100077. doi: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100077. Epub 2023 Feb 26. PMID: 3708924 | *Citation: Goniewicz ML. Addict Neurosci. 2023 Jun;6:100077. doi: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100077. Epub 2023 Feb 26. PMID: 3708924 | ||
===2023: [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-44626-1 Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of electronic cigarettes emission aerosols compared to cigarette smoke: the REPLICA project]=== | ===2023: [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-44626-1 Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of electronic cigarettes emission aerosols compared to cigarette smoke: the REPLICA project]=== | ||
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