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===2015 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25332459/ Development of a questionnaire for assessing dependence on electronic cigarettes among a large sample of ex-smoking E-cigarette users]=== | ===2015 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25332459/ Development of a questionnaire for assessing dependence on electronic cigarettes among a large sample of ex-smoking E-cigarette users]=== | ||
* | *Conclusion: Current e-cigarette users reported being less dependent on e-cigarettes than they retrospectively reported having been dependent on cigarettes prior to switching. E-cig dependence appears to vary by product characteristics and liquid nicotine concentration, and it may increase over time. | ||
**Citation: Foulds J, Veldheer S, Yingst J, Hrabovsky S, Wilson SJ, Nichols TT, Eissenberg T. Development of a questionnaire for assessing dependence on electronic cigarettes among a large sample of ex-smoking E-cigarette users. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015 Feb;17(2):186-92. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu204. Epub 2014 Oct 19. PMID: 25332459; PMCID: PMC4838001. | |||
***Acknowledgment: This work was supported by an internal grant from Penn State Social Science Research Institute and Cancer Institute (PI: SJW). JF, SV, JY, and SH are primarily funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health and the Center for Tobacco Products of the US Food and Drug Administration (P50-DA-036107-01; and P50-DA-0361-05). TE is supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health (P50-DA-0361-05) and the Center for Tobacco Products of the US Food and Drug Administration. JF has done paid consulting for pharmaceutical companies involved in producing smoking cessation medications, including GSK, Pfizer, Novartis, J&J, and Cypress Bioscience. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the US Food and Drug Administration. | |||
===2015 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25561385/ Dependence levels in users of electronic cigarettes, nicotine gums and tobacco cigarettes]=== | ===2015 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25561385/ Dependence levels in users of electronic cigarettes, nicotine gums and tobacco cigarettes]=== | ||
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