VLN Cigarette: Difference between revisions

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===2018: [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2698925 Effect of Immediate vs Gradual Reduction in Nicotine Content of Cigarettes on Biomarkers of Smoke Exposure]===

*In this study, compared with gradual nicotine reduction, immediate reduction was associated with lower toxicant exposure across time, smoking fewer CPD (cigarettes per day), greater reduction in dependence, and more cigarette-free days. However, the immediate reduction in nicotine caused greater withdrawal symptoms, greater use of nonstudy cigarettes, and higher drop-out rates.

===2017: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5831363/ A review of the effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes on behavioral and cognitive performance]===

*The results from this review suggest that smoking VLNC cigarettes may fail to reverse withdrawal-induced disruptions in performance following complete smoking abstinence or reduced nicotine exposure. Of the 19 studies reviewed herein, 15 reported significant differences in performance when smokers smoked VLNC versus NNC cigarettes. All results were in the direction of performance being worse when participants smoked VLNC relative to NNC cigarettes.

*It is important to underscore the evidence suggesting that combined NRT and VLNC cigarettes restore disrupted performance when smoking VLNC cigarettes alone does not. Thus, if a reduced nicotine content policy was adopted, supplemental use of NRT and likely other non-combustible forms of nicotine (e.g., e-cigarettes) would be a viable option for protecting against the type of performance disruptions revealed in this review, although a larger number of studies directly examining this matter would be helpful.

@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 ===2018: [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2698925 Effect of Immediate vs Gradual Reduction in Nicotine Content of Cigarettes on Biomarkers of Smoke Exposure]===
 *In this study, compared with gradual nicotine reduction, immediate reduction was associated with lower toxicant exposure across time, smoking fewer CPD (cigarettes per day), greater reduction in dependence, and more cigarette-free days. However, the immediate reduction in nicotine caused greater withdrawal symptoms, greater use of nonstudy cigarettes, and higher drop-out rates.
+===2017: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5831363/ A review of the effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes on behavioral and cognitive performance]===
+*The results from this review suggest that smoking VLNC cigarettes may fail to reverse withdrawal-induced disruptions in performance following complete smoking abstinence or reduced nicotine exposure. Of the 19 studies reviewed herein, 15 reported significant differences in performance when smokers smoked VLNC versus NNC cigarettes. All results were in the direction of performance being worse when participants smoked VLNC relative to NNC cigarettes.
+*It is important to underscore the evidence suggesting that combined NRT and VLNC cigarettes restore disrupted performance when smoking VLNC cigarettes alone does not. Thus, if a reduced nicotine content policy was adopted, supplemental use of NRT and likely other non-combustible forms of nicotine (e.g., e-cigarettes) would be a viable option for protecting against the type of performance disruptions revealed in this review, although a larger number of studies directly examining this matter would be helpful.

VLN Cigarette: Difference between revisions

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