ENDS Flavors: Difference between revisions
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It's usually necessary to view the PDF version to access the full study. If you'd like to contribute to this page, please see the instructions at the bottom of the page. | It's usually necessary to view the PDF version to access the full study. If you'd like to contribute to this page, please see the instructions at the bottom of the page. | ||
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*''' This page will attempt to address the following questions:''' | *''' This page will attempt to address the following questions:''' | ||
: '''FAQ: Why are flavored ENDS products important to people who smoke?''' | : '''FAQ: Why are flavored ENDS products important to people who smoke?''' | ||
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=Personal Testimonies from people who used to smoke= | =Personal Testimonies from people who used to smoke= <!--T:3--> | ||
===All Years: Video Collection: [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCY3vMuTdXfL7Z4PAsx7Q5nA/videos Golden Oldies Capitol Tours]=== | ===All Years: Video Collection: [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCY3vMuTdXfL7Z4PAsx7Q5nA/videos Golden Oldies Capitol Tours]=== <!--T:4--> | ||
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*People who used to smoke share how long they smoked and what flavors helped them to quit smoking. | *People who used to smoke share how long they smoked and what flavors helped them to quit smoking. | ||
===All Years: Collection 13,000+ Testimonies: [https://casaa.org/_testimonials/ CASAA - REAL PEOPLE. REAL STORIES.]=== | ===All Years: Collection 13,000+ Testimonies: [https://casaa.org/_testimonials/ CASAA - REAL PEOPLE. REAL STORIES.]=== <!--T:6--> | ||
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*Online submissions of personal testimonies by people who switched from smoking to harm reduction products. | *Online submissions of personal testimonies by people who switched from smoking to harm reduction products. | ||
===2915 Blog: [http://mommavape.blogspot.com/2017/05/cotton-candy-is-not-marketing-to-kids.html Cotton Candy is NOT Marketing To Kids]=== | ===2915 Blog: [http://mommavape.blogspot.com/2017/05/cotton-candy-is-not-marketing-to-kids.html Cotton Candy is NOT Marketing To Kids]=== <!--T:8--> | ||
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*She says "honey, you need to get with the program, we were too poor when I was a kid to afford cotton candy, so now I'm having it whenever I want and any way I want it. Now give me the sweetest thing you got and I want cotton candy the next time I come here." | *She says "honey, you need to get with the program, we were too poor when I was a kid to afford cotton candy, so now I'm having it whenever I want and any way I want it. Now give me the sweetest thing you got and I want cotton candy the next time I come here." | ||
*"Ma'am, if you don't mind me asking, how old are you?". She looks at me and says "82, I quit smoking 6 months ago and now I'm going to live to be 102." | *"Ma'am, if you don't mind me asking, how old are you?". She looks at me and says "82, I quit smoking 6 months ago and now I'm going to live to be 102." | ||
=Abuse Liability - All THR Products= | =Abuse Liability - All THR Products= <!--T:10--> | ||
===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33176942/ Abuse liability assessment of the JUUL system in four flavors relative to combustible cigarette, nicotine gum and a comparator electronic nicotine delivery system among adult smokers]=== | ===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33176942/ Abuse liability assessment of the JUUL system in four flavors relative to combustible cigarette, nicotine gum and a comparator electronic nicotine delivery system among adult smokers]=== <!--T:11--> | ||
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*Controlled use of JS (JUUL System) among adult smokers resulted in nicotine delivery, product liking, and satisfaction that were less than that of combustible cigarettes but generally greater than nicotine gum. These results support the conclusion that JS has lower abuse liability than combustible cigarettes, higher abuse liability than nicotine gum, and may provide sufficient nicotine delivery and satisfying effects to support substitution for combustible cigarettes among adult smokers. | *Controlled use of JS (JUUL System) among adult smokers resulted in nicotine delivery, product liking, and satisfaction that were less than that of combustible cigarettes but generally greater than nicotine gum. These results support the conclusion that JS has lower abuse liability than combustible cigarettes, higher abuse liability than nicotine gum, and may provide sufficient nicotine delivery and satisfying effects to support substitution for combustible cigarettes among adult smokers. | ||
*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871620305603 PDF Version] | *[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871620305603 PDF Version] | ||
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===2003: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12616334/ Subjective effects of the nicotine lozenge: assessment of abuse liability]=== | ===2003: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12616334/ Subjective effects of the nicotine lozenge: assessment of abuse liability]=== <!--T:13--> | ||
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*In conclusion, results of the present study suggest that abuse liability of nicotine lozenges is low. Low abuse liability of the novel nicotine lozenges is in accordance with current knowledge of consumer use patterns of other, already marketed nicotine replacement therapies, which suggest little abuse of these products once they are marketed. Dose-dependent craving reduction by the lozenges in adults (22–50 years) but not young adults (18–21 years) suggests efficacy of the lozenge for adults, and reinforces the need for further studies of nicotine delivery systems as a treatment for nicotine dependence in younger adults and adolescents | *In conclusion, results of the present study suggest that abuse liability of nicotine lozenges is low. Low abuse liability of the novel nicotine lozenges is in accordance with current knowledge of consumer use patterns of other, already marketed nicotine replacement therapies, which suggest little abuse of these products once they are marketed. Dose-dependent craving reduction by the lozenges in adults (22–50 years) but not young adults (18–21 years) suggests efficacy of the lozenge for adults, and reinforces the need for further studies of nicotine delivery systems as a treatment for nicotine dependence in younger adults and adolescents | ||
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1007/s00213-002-1361-2 PDF Version] | *[https://sci-hub.se/10.1007/s00213-002-1361-2 PDF Version] | ||
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===2002: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12175452/ Flavor improvement does not increase abuse liability of nicotine chewing gum]=== | ===2002: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12175452/ Flavor improvement does not increase abuse liability of nicotine chewing gum]=== <!--T:15--> | ||
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*Improved flavor of nicotine gum does not increase abuse liability, but may be associated with enhanced craving reduction. | *Improved flavor of nicotine gum does not increase abuse liability, but may be associated with enhanced craving reduction. | ||
*mint-flavored nicotine gum was rated as more palatable than the original nicotine gum, but the improvement in flavor did not increase abuse liability in adults (22 – 50 years old) or young adults (18 –21 years old). Since the aversive taste of the original nicotine gum was an important impediment to compliance (Rose, 1996) and treatment initiation, the availability of nicotine gum in different flavors and the development of alternative oral nicotine replacement products with appealing flavors may improve compliance and expand the range of options for those attempting to quit smoking, without posing an increased risk of abuse. | *mint-flavored nicotine gum was rated as more palatable than the original nicotine gum, but the improvement in flavor did not increase abuse liability in adults (22 – 50 years old) or young adults (18 –21 years old). Since the aversive taste of the original nicotine gum was an important impediment to compliance (Rose, 1996) and treatment initiation, the availability of nicotine gum in different flavors and the development of alternative oral nicotine replacement products with appealing flavors may improve compliance and expand the range of options for those attempting to quit smoking, without posing an increased risk of abuse. | ||
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*Acknowledgement: This study was supported by SmithKline Beecham Consumer Healthcare. | *Acknowledgement: This study was supported by SmithKline Beecham Consumer Healthcare. | ||
=Public Health Advantages / Concerns of Public Health Harms= | =Public Health Advantages / Concerns of Public Health Harms= <!--T:17--> | ||
===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32881666/ Investigation on the antibacterial activity of electronic cigarette liquids (ECLs): a proof of concept study]=== | ===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32881666/ Investigation on the antibacterial activity of electronic cigarette liquids (ECLs): a proof of concept study]=== <!--T:18--> | ||
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*Our results have shown that flavors considerably enhance antibacterial activity. | *Our results have shown that flavors considerably enhance antibacterial activity. | ||
*This study provides important evidence that should be taken into consideration in further investigative approaches, to clarify the different sensitivity of the various bacterial species to e-liquids, including the respiratory microbiota, to highlight the possible role of flavors and nicotine. | *This study provides important evidence that should be taken into consideration in further investigative approaches, to clarify the different sensitivity of the various bacterial species to e-liquids, including the respiratory microbiota, to highlight the possible role of flavors and nicotine. | ||
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===2019: [https://www.cmaj.ca/content/re-vape-related-popcorn-lung-debunked-years-ago RE: Vape related "Popcorn Lung" debunked years ago]=== | ===2019: [https://www.cmaj.ca/content/re-vape-related-popcorn-lung-debunked-years-ago RE: Vape related "Popcorn Lung" debunked years ago]=== <!--T:20--> | ||
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**There is 750x more diacetyl in a pack of cigarettes than there is in a days worth of vaping nicotine fluid, and to date we have no confirmation that smokers are getting popcorn lung. | **There is 750x more diacetyl in a pack of cigarettes than there is in a days worth of vaping nicotine fluid, and to date we have no confirmation that smokers are getting popcorn lung. | ||
*2015 [http://tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.com/2015/12/new-study-finds-that-average-diacetyl.html New Study Finds that Average Diacetyl Exposure from Vaping is 750 Times Lower than from Smoking] | *2015 [http://tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.com/2015/12/new-study-finds-that-average-diacetyl.html New Study Finds that Average Diacetyl Exposure from Vaping is 750 Times Lower than from Smoking] | ||
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===2019: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887233318307768?via%3Dihub High Content Screening in NHBE cells shows significantly reduced biological activity of flavoured e-liquids, when compared to cigarette smoke condensate]=== | ===2019: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887233318307768?via%3Dihub High Content Screening in NHBE cells shows significantly reduced biological activity of flavoured e-liquids, when compared to cigarette smoke condensate]=== <!--T:22--> | ||
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*Our results clearly show a lower toxicity of e-liquids, including flavoured e-liquids, when compared to [[Special:MyLanguage/Abbreviations|CSC]] (cigarette smoke condensate). Typically, more than 100 times higher concentrations of [[Special:MyLanguage/Abbreviations|CFs]] (commercial flavoured e-liquids) are required to elicit the same response as those observed for 3R4F CSC in specific endpoints. | *Our results clearly show a lower toxicity of e-liquids, including flavoured e-liquids, when compared to [[Special:MyLanguage/Abbreviations|CSC]] (cigarette smoke condensate). Typically, more than 100 times higher concentrations of [[Special:MyLanguage/Abbreviations|CFs]] (commercial flavoured e-liquids) are required to elicit the same response as those observed for 3R4F CSC in specific endpoints. | ||
*Flavours play a critical role in attracting, and retaining smokers to e-cigarettes. | *Flavours play a critical role in attracting, and retaining smokers to e-cigarettes. | ||
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===2019: [https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0318-2?optIn=false Toxicity classification of e-cigarette flavouring compounds based on European Union regulation: analysis of findings from a recent study]=== | ===2019: [https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0318-2?optIn=false Toxicity classification of e-cigarette flavouring compounds based on European Union regulation: analysis of findings from a recent study]=== <!--T:24--> | ||
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*The vast majority of flavouring (flavoring) compounds in e-cigarette liquids as reported in a recent study were present at levels far lower than needed to classify them as toxic. | *The vast majority of flavouring (flavoring) compounds in e-cigarette liquids as reported in a recent study were present at levels far lower than needed to classify them as toxic. | ||
*[https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12954-019-0318-2.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12954-019-0318-2.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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===2019: [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0222152&fbclid=IwAR1Rqtl6D0eLtqU0-pqJ5vlSlLK2xlJk8rs0djo90oeUAwIdX9IgmYgByZY Effects of flavoring compounds used in electronic cigarette refill liquids on endothelial and vascular function]=== | ===2019: [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0222152&fbclid=IwAR1Rqtl6D0eLtqU0-pqJ5vlSlLK2xlJk8rs0djo90oeUAwIdX9IgmYgByZY Effects of flavoring compounds used in electronic cigarette refill liquids on endothelial and vascular function]=== <!--T:26--> | ||
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*Our data indicate that flavorings typically present in e-cig refill liquids do not cause endothelial dysfunction that would result in impaired vasodilation upon acute exposure. In contrast, most of the tested compounds caused endothelium-independent vasorelaxation, albeit at fairly high concentrations that appear to exceed by far the plasma concentrations expected to occur upon vaping flavored liquids. | *Our data indicate that flavorings typically present in e-cig refill liquids do not cause endothelial dysfunction that would result in impaired vasodilation upon acute exposure. In contrast, most of the tested compounds caused endothelium-independent vasorelaxation, albeit at fairly high concentrations that appear to exceed by far the plasma concentrations expected to occur upon vaping flavored liquids. | ||
*[https://storage.googleapis.com/plos-corpus-prod/10.1371/journal.pone.0222152/1/pone.0222152.pdf?X-Goog-Algorithm=GOOG4-RSA-SHA256&X-Goog-Credential=wombat-sa%40plos-prod.iam.gserviceaccount.com%2F20210106%2Fauto%2Fstorage%2Fgoog4_request&X-Goog-Date=20210106T115250Z&X-Goog-Expires=3600&X-Goog-SignedHeaders=host&X-Goog-Signature=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 PDF Version] | *[https://storage.googleapis.com/plos-corpus-prod/10.1371/journal.pone.0222152/1/pone.0222152.pdf?X-Goog-Algorithm=GOOG4-RSA-SHA256&X-Goog-Credential=wombat-sa%40plos-prod.iam.gserviceaccount.com%2F20210106%2Fauto%2Fstorage%2Fgoog4_request&X-Goog-Date=20210106T115250Z&X-Goog-Expires=3600&X-Goog-SignedHeaders=host&X-Goog-Signature=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 PDF Version] | ||
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===2018: [https://reason.org/wp-content/uploads/public-health-case-e-cigarette-flavors.pdf A QUESTION OF TASTE: THE PUBLIC HEALTH CASE FOR E-CIGARETTE FLAVORS]=== | ===2018: [https://reason.org/wp-content/uploads/public-health-case-e-cigarette-flavors.pdf A QUESTION OF TASTE: THE PUBLIC HEALTH CASE FOR E-CIGARETTE FLAVORS]=== <!--T:28--> | ||
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*The available evidence on flavored e-cigarettes suggests that flavors in and of themselves are not especially appealing to non-smoking adults or adolescents. There is, however, a substantial and growing literature on how and why these products appeal to smoking adults and their potential to help consumers switch from smoking to less-harmful vaping. | *The available evidence on flavored e-cigarettes suggests that flavors in and of themselves are not especially appealing to non-smoking adults or adolescents. There is, however, a substantial and growing literature on how and why these products appeal to smoking adults and their potential to help consumers switch from smoking to less-harmful vaping. | ||
*'''Any policy that harms the exclusive makers of reduced-risk products such as e-cigarettes more than the makers of traditional cigarettes is not in the interests of public health. ''' | *'''Any policy that harms the exclusive makers of reduced-risk products such as e-cigarettes more than the makers of traditional cigarettes is not in the interests of public health. ''' | ||
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===2018: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/research/2018/262-flavors Paper: E-cigarette flavors and aldehyde emissions: another failure to verify findings from a previous study]=== | ===2018: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/research/2018/262-flavors Paper: E-cigarette flavors and aldehyde emissions: another failure to verify findings from a previous study]=== <!--T:30--> | ||
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**Our results were revealing in identifying a very small contribution of flavorings on aldehyde emissions. In fact, '''aldehyde levels were so low that consumption of 5 grams e-liquid per day would expose vapers to less formaldehyde and acetaldehyde than just staying at home and breathing air'''. For acrolein, exposure was orders of magnitude lower compared to NIOSH-defined recommended safety limits. To give you an idea of the differences in results, the authors of the original study found up to 7000 ug/g formaldehyde, while we found a maximum of 62 ug/g. | **Our results were revealing in identifying a very small contribution of flavorings on aldehyde emissions. In fact, '''aldehyde levels were so low that consumption of 5 grams e-liquid per day would expose vapers to less formaldehyde and acetaldehyde than just staying at home and breathing air'''. For acrolein, exposure was orders of magnitude lower compared to NIOSH-defined recommended safety limits. To give you an idea of the differences in results, the authors of the original study found up to 7000 ug/g formaldehyde, while we found a maximum of 62 ug/g. | ||
*2017: Study: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278691518301339?via%3Dihub Do flavouring compounds contribute to aldehyde emissions in e-cigarettes?] | *2017: Study: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278691518301339?via%3Dihub Do flavouring compounds contribute to aldehyde emissions in e-cigarettes?] | ||
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===2017: [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports/pdfs/2015-0107-3279.pdf?fbclid=IwAR37EOr5p5EwptMhuyrIwEDkfi4qbMh0nRwu6yz2VkY0Um-q138f3LfK64Y Evaluation of Chemical Exposures at a Vape Shop]=== | ===2017: [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports/pdfs/2015-0107-3279.pdf?fbclid=IwAR37EOr5p5EwptMhuyrIwEDkfi4qbMh0nRwu6yz2VkY0Um-q138f3LfK64Y Evaluation of Chemical Exposures at a Vape Shop]=== <!--T:32--> | ||
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*We collected air samples for flavoring chemicals (diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione, 2,3-hexanedione, acetaldehyde, and acetoin), nicotine, formaldehyde, and propylene glycol. | *We collected air samples for flavoring chemicals (diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione, 2,3-hexanedione, acetaldehyde, and acetoin), nicotine, formaldehyde, and propylene glycol. | ||
*Concentrations of vaping-related chemicals in our air samples were below occupational exposure limits. | *Concentrations of vaping-related chemicals in our air samples were below occupational exposure limits. | ||
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===2016: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/25/Suppl_2/ii67 Cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping patterns as a function of e-cigarette flavourings]=== | ===2016: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/25/Suppl_2/ii67 Cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping patterns as a function of e-cigarette flavourings]=== <!--T:34--> | ||
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*The findings suggest that adoption of e-cigarettes in smokers may influence smoking rates of people who smoke. | *The findings suggest that adoption of e-cigarettes in smokers may influence smoking rates of people who smoke. | ||
*'''E-cigarette vaping rates are influenced by flavorings by people transitioning from smoking'''. | *'''E-cigarette vaping rates are influenced by flavorings by people transitioning from smoking'''. | ||
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===2015: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/whats-new/whatsnew-2015/234-bo Medical journal misrepresents a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis as popcorn lung disease caused by e-cigarette]=== | ===2015: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/whats-new/whatsnew-2015/234-bo Medical journal misrepresents a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis as popcorn lung disease caused by e-cigarette]=== <!--T:36--> | ||
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*It was shocking to see a public statement reporting a case of popcorn lung disease in a patient using e-cigarettes. The title of the public release is: “Case report finds 'popcorn lung' in patient using e-cigarettes. Report points to possibility of diacetyl, a flavoring agent in e-cigarettes, to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome” | *It was shocking to see a public statement reporting a case of popcorn lung disease in a patient using e-cigarettes. The title of the public release is: “Case report finds 'popcorn lung' in patient using e-cigarettes. Report points to possibility of diacetyl, a flavoring agent in e-cigarettes, to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome” | ||
*The case report is NOT about popcorn lung disease. The article then goes on to explain why it can’t be popcorn lung. | *The case report is NOT about popcorn lung disease. The article then goes on to explain why it can’t be popcorn lung. | ||
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===2015: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273230015001245?via%3Dihub An approach to ingredient screening and toxicological risk assessment of flavours in e-liquids]=== | ===2015: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273230015001245?via%3Dihub An approach to ingredient screening and toxicological risk assessment of flavours in e-liquids]=== <!--T:38--> | ||
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*In vitro and Animal | *In vitro and Animal | ||
*Individual flavours or groups of flavours were added to the tobacco rod and the resultant smoke was analysed for priority smoke constituents and tested in several in vitro tests as well as 90-day rat inhalation studies. In general, addition of the flavours had no effect on, or reduced the levels of most of the measured smoke constituents.” | *Individual flavours or groups of flavours were added to the tobacco rod and the resultant smoke was analysed for priority smoke constituents and tested in several in vitro tests as well as 90-day rat inhalation studies. In general, addition of the flavours had no effect on, or reduced the levels of most of the measured smoke constituents.” | ||
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===2013: [https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/10/5146/htm Comparison of the Cytotoxic Potential of Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapour (Vapor) Extract on Cultured Myocardial Cells]=== | ===2013: [https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/10/5146/htm Comparison of the Cytotoxic Potential of Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapour (Vapor) Extract on Cultured Myocardial Cells]=== <!--T:40--> | ||
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*Smoking is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and cigarette smoke (CS) has well-established cytotoxic effects on myocardial cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of the vapour of 20 EC (e-cigarette) liquid samples and a “base” liquid sample (50% glycerol and 50% propylene glycol, with no nicotine or flavourings) on cultured myocardial cells. Included were 4 samples produced by using cured tobacco leaves in order to extract the tobacco flavour. Methods: Cytotoxicity was tested according to the ISO 10993-5 standard. | *Smoking is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and cigarette smoke (CS) has well-established cytotoxic effects on myocardial cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of the vapour of 20 EC (e-cigarette) liquid samples and a “base” liquid sample (50% glycerol and 50% propylene glycol, with no nicotine or flavourings) on cultured myocardial cells. Included were 4 samples produced by using cured tobacco leaves in order to extract the tobacco flavour. Methods: Cytotoxicity was tested according to the ISO 10993-5 standard. | ||
*In conclusion, from 20 commercially-available EC liquids that were tested in vapour form, four were found to be cytotoxic on cultured cardiomyoblasts. Cytotoxicity was mainly observed in most (but not all) samples produced by using tobacco leaves, while one sample using food-approved flavoring was marginally cytotoxic. EC vapour production by using higher-voltage devices caused a decrease in cell survival. Overall, EC vapour extracts showed significantly higher cell viability compared to CS extract, based on a realistic-use rather than a standardized comparative level of exposure. This supports the concept that ECs may be useful as tobacco harm reduction products. | *In conclusion, from 20 commercially-available EC liquids that were tested in vapour form, four were found to be cytotoxic on cultured cardiomyoblasts. Cytotoxicity was mainly observed in most (but not all) samples produced by using tobacco leaves, while one sample using food-approved flavoring was marginally cytotoxic. EC vapour production by using higher-voltage devices caused a decrease in cell survival. Overall, EC vapour extracts showed significantly higher cell viability compared to CS extract, based on a realistic-use rather than a standardized comparative level of exposure. This supports the concept that ECs may be useful as tobacco harm reduction products. | ||
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=Regulations or Unintended Consequences= | =Regulations or Unintended Consequences= <!--T:42--> | ||
===2021: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntab154/6332852?redirectedFrom=fulltext Reactions to sales restrictions on flavored vape products or all vape products among young adults in the US]=== | ===2021: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntab154/6332852?redirectedFrom=fulltext Reactions to sales restrictions on flavored vape products or all vape products among young adults in the US]=== <!--T:43--> | ||
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* | * | ||
===2021: Testimony in Netherlands pertaining to a potential flavour / flavor ban: [https://www.clivebates.com/documents/NLFlavoursResponseJan2021.pdf Regulation of e-cigarette flavours – a response]=== | ===2021: Testimony in Netherlands pertaining to a potential flavour / flavor ban: [https://www.clivebates.com/documents/NLFlavoursResponseJan2021.pdf Regulation of e-cigarette flavours – a response]=== <!--T:45--> | ||
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*Signed by 24 experts from around the world | *Signed by 24 experts from around the world | ||
*Covers 12 key points | *Covers 12 key points | ||
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===2020: [https://sci-hub.st/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.15235# Association of vaping‐related lung injuries with rates of e‐cigarette and cannabis use across US states]=== | ===2020: [https://sci-hub.st/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.15235# Association of vaping‐related lung injuries with rates of e‐cigarette and cannabis use across US states]=== <!--T:47--> | ||
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*'''Policymakers should proceed with caution when considering bans on flavored nicotine e‐liquids''': restricting legal sales may push some vapers towards illicit sources, user‐modified e‐liquids (e.g. to add flavoring) or even conventional cigarette use. Given EVALI’s potential lethality and a myriad of work suggesting that conventional cigarette use is probably far more dangerous than vaping nicotine, these outcomes could be disastrous for public health. There is no link between nicotine liquids and EVALI. It appears to have come from illicit cannabis products. | *'''Policymakers should proceed with caution when considering bans on flavored nicotine e‐liquids''': restricting legal sales may push some vapers towards illicit sources, user‐modified e‐liquids (e.g. to add flavoring) or even conventional cigarette use. Given EVALI’s potential lethality and a myriad of work suggesting that conventional cigarette use is probably far more dangerous than vaping nicotine, these outcomes could be disastrous for public health. There is no link between nicotine liquids and EVALI. It appears to have come from illicit cannabis products. | ||
*Link above is to the PDF version | *Link above is to the PDF version | ||
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===2020: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352853220300134 The impact of a comprehensive tobacco product flavor ban in San Francisco among young adults]=== | ===2020: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352853220300134 The impact of a comprehensive tobacco product flavor ban in San Francisco among young adults]=== <!--T:49--> | ||
<!--T:50--> | |||
*Among the 18–24 age group, there was a significant increase in cigarette smoking. | *Among the 18–24 age group, there was a significant increase in cigarette smoking. | ||
*Cigarette smoking increased among 25–34 years old. | *Cigarette smoking increased among 25–34 years old. | ||
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===2020: Article: [https://www.realclearpolicy.com/articles/2020/10/01/yale_study_on_lung_disease_forecasts_dire_consequences_for_flavor_bans_579308.html Yale Study on Lung Disease Forecasts Dire Consequences for Flavor Bans]=== | ===2020: Article: [https://www.realclearpolicy.com/articles/2020/10/01/yale_study_on_lung_disease_forecasts_dire_consequences_for_flavor_bans_579308.html Yale Study on Lung Disease Forecasts Dire Consequences for Flavor Bans]=== <!--T:51--> | ||
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*A new study from Yale School of Public Health should serve as a warning to e-cigarette opponents and public health officials pushing e-cigarette flavor bans and restrictions around the country. | *A new study from Yale School of Public Health should serve as a warning to e-cigarette opponents and public health officials pushing e-cigarette flavor bans and restrictions around the country. | ||
*By pushing people into the black market for flavored products, they are increasing the risk that we will see another wave of consumers sickened by unregulated, illegal goods. | *By pushing people into the black market for flavored products, they are increasing the risk that we will see another wave of consumers sickened by unregulated, illegal goods. | ||
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===2019: [https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201906-472OC Changes in Flavor Preference in a Cohort of Long-Term Electronic Cigarette Users]=== | ===2019: [https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201906-472OC Changes in Flavor Preference in a Cohort of Long-Term Electronic Cigarette Users]=== <!--T:53--> | ||
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*Our results regarding anticipated reactions to FDA e-cigarette flavor regulation suggest complexities such that the benefits and risks of flavor ban need to be carefully evaluated. | *Our results regarding anticipated reactions to FDA e-cigarette flavor regulation suggest complexities such that the benefits and risks of flavor ban need to be carefully evaluated. | ||
*'''A majority anticipated that they would personally attempt to circumvent potential FDA regulations of e-cigarettes by obtaining e-cigarette flavors from various illicit sources''' (e.g., Internet orders from foreign countries) or even self-making flavors. | *'''A majority anticipated that they would personally attempt to circumvent potential FDA regulations of e-cigarettes by obtaining e-cigarette flavors from various illicit sources''' (e.g., Internet orders from foreign countries) or even self-making flavors. | ||
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===2019: Article: [https://www.detroitnews.com/story/opinion/2019/09/16/opinion-vape-flavor-ban-doesnt-help-kids-hurts-adults/2291817001/ Vape flavor ban doesn't help kids, hurts adults]=== | ===2019: Article: [https://www.detroitnews.com/story/opinion/2019/09/16/opinion-vape-flavor-ban-doesnt-help-kids-hurts-adults/2291817001/ Vape flavor ban doesn't help kids, hurts adults]=== <!--T:55--> | ||
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*Tobacco users who switch from combustible cigarettes to e-cigarettes experience various improvements in health. | *Tobacco users who switch from combustible cigarettes to e-cigarettes experience various improvements in health. | ||
*Using e-cigarettes also helps people quit smoking altogether, with twice the success rate of other quit methods. | *Using e-cigarettes also helps people quit smoking altogether, with twice the success rate of other quit methods. | ||
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===2019: Article: [https://www.wwlp.com/news/state-politics/flavor-ban-will-feed-illegal-tobacco-sales-stores-say/ Flavor ban will feed illegal tobacco sales, stores say]=== | ===2019: Article: [https://www.wwlp.com/news/state-politics/flavor-ban-will-feed-illegal-tobacco-sales-stores-say/ Flavor ban will feed illegal tobacco sales, stores say]=== <!--T:57--> | ||
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*A retired federal law enforcement officer cautioned against banning flavors. | *A retired federal law enforcement officer cautioned against banning flavors. | ||
*“If this bill passes and we bring in prohibition, we’re going to bring crime into the city,” Marianos, who is now an adjunct faculty member at Georgetown University, said. “We’re going to replace store owners and manufacturers with people selling out of backpacks, people selling out of cars, and worst of all, people selling directly to the children we’re trying to protect.” | *“If this bill passes and we bring in prohibition, we’re going to bring crime into the city,” Marianos, who is now an adjunct faculty member at Georgetown University, said. “We’re going to replace store owners and manufacturers with people selling out of backpacks, people selling out of cars, and worst of all, people selling directly to the children we’re trying to protect.” | ||
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===2019: Article: [https://www.sun-sentinel.com/opinion/commentary/fl-op-com-minton-e-cigarette-ban-ineffective-dangerous-20190923-svobcmjbdjeptduwlqdx6blcii-story.html E-cigarette flavor ban — ineffective and dangerous]=== | ===2019: Article: [https://www.sun-sentinel.com/opinion/commentary/fl-op-com-minton-e-cigarette-ban-ineffective-dangerous-20190923-svobcmjbdjeptduwlqdx6blcii-story.html E-cigarette flavor ban — ineffective and dangerous]=== <!--T:59--> | ||
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*Bans don’t work. Bans never work. All bans do is push consumers to make different, usually more risky, choices. In this case, the likely outcome of banning e-liquid flavors people want is that they will seek to obtain them through the black market or simply return to smoking cigarettes. As a result, many more will die of smoking-related diseases or tainted products. | *Bans don’t work. Bans never work. All bans do is push consumers to make different, usually more risky, choices. In this case, the likely outcome of banning e-liquid flavors people want is that they will seek to obtain them through the black market or simply return to smoking cigarettes. As a result, many more will die of smoking-related diseases or tainted products. | ||
*The wide array of flavors, produced by thousands of vapor companies around the country — most of them small — appear to be critical in persuading smokers to try vaping and preventing e-cigarette users from returning to their deadly combustible cigarette habit. | *The wide array of flavors, produced by thousands of vapor companies around the country — most of them small — appear to be critical in persuading smokers to try vaping and preventing e-cigarette users from returning to their deadly combustible cigarette habit. | ||
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===2019: Article: [https://www.kqed.org/science/1950849/vapers-turn-to-home-brew-as-flavored-nicotine-bans-mount Vapers Turn to Home Brew as Flavored Nicotine Bans Mount]=== | ===2019: Article: [https://www.kqed.org/science/1950849/vapers-turn-to-home-brew-as-flavored-nicotine-bans-mount Vapers Turn to Home Brew as Flavored Nicotine Bans Mount]=== <!--T:61--> | ||
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*“Even though I haven’t touched a cigarette in five years, the pull is always there. It’s so easy to go and buy a pack. And I don’t want to do that,” Danielle Jones said. “The only route I can see going forward if there is a ban is to try to create the product myself at home.” | *“Even though I haven’t touched a cigarette in five years, the pull is always there. It’s so easy to go and buy a pack. And I don’t want to do that,” Danielle Jones said. “The only route I can see going forward if there is a ban is to try to create the product myself at home.” | ||
*As more states, cities and even the federal government consider banning flavored nicotine, thousands of do-it-yourself vapers like Jones are flocking to social media groups and websites to learn how to make e-liquids at home. | *As more states, cities and even the federal government consider banning flavored nicotine, thousands of do-it-yourself vapers like Jones are flocking to social media groups and websites to learn how to make e-liquids at home. | ||
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===2019: Article: [https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/10/danger-vaping-bans/600451/ The Vaping Overreaction Politicians who ban flavors should brace for a surge in cigarette smoking and the use of questionable bootleg vaping products.]=== | ===2019: Article: [https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/10/danger-vaping-bans/600451/ The Vaping Overreaction Politicians who ban flavors should brace for a surge in cigarette smoking and the use of questionable bootleg vaping products.]=== <!--T:63--> | ||
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*The ethos of vaping is relative risk. E-cigarettes reduce harm, but can’t be called harmless. As a safer alternative than smoking for people addicted to nicotine, they are analogous to prescribing methadone for people addicted to opioids, a strategy called harm reduction. Other kinds of harm reduction, such as giving clean needles to injection-drug users and distributing condoms, pre-exposure prophylactic medication, and safe-sex information for populations at risk for HIV/AIDS, are widely endorsed by the public-health establishment. | *The ethos of vaping is relative risk. E-cigarettes reduce harm, but can’t be called harmless. As a safer alternative than smoking for people addicted to nicotine, they are analogous to prescribing methadone for people addicted to opioids, a strategy called harm reduction. Other kinds of harm reduction, such as giving clean needles to injection-drug users and distributing condoms, pre-exposure prophylactic medication, and safe-sex information for populations at risk for HIV/AIDS, are widely endorsed by the public-health establishment. | ||
*In light of history, public-health advocates’ skepticism about e-cigarettes, at least when they first appeared, was understandable. But genuine advances really can occur, and the evidence suggests that the shift from smoking to vaping should be celebrated, not decried. | *In light of history, public-health advocates’ skepticism about e-cigarettes, at least when they first appeared, was understandable. But genuine advances really can occur, and the evidence suggests that the shift from smoking to vaping should be celebrated, not decried. | ||
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===2019: [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10826084.2019.1626435?journalCode=isum20 Young adult dual combusted cigarette and e-cigarette users’ anticipated responses to hypothetical e-cigarette market restrictions]=== | ===2019: [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10826084.2019.1626435?journalCode=isum20 Young adult dual combusted cigarette and e-cigarette users’ anticipated responses to hypothetical e-cigarette market restrictions]=== <!--T:65--> | ||
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*Hypothetical regulations resulted in reported intentions to reduce EC (e-cigarette) use and increase CC (combustible cigarette) use; the greatest impact was found for restrictions regarding e-liquid nicotine content, followed by flavor | *Hypothetical regulations resulted in reported intentions to reduce EC (e-cigarette) use and increase CC (combustible cigarette) use; the greatest impact was found for restrictions regarding e-liquid nicotine content, followed by flavor | ||
*This work provides preliminary evidence that restrictive regulations regarding key EC characteristics may increase intentions to increase CC use among young adult dual EC and CC users. | *This work provides preliminary evidence that restrictive regulations regarding key EC characteristics may increase intentions to increase CC use among young adult dual EC and CC users. | ||
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===2018: [https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=FDA-2017-N-6565-22941 Patterns of flavored e-cigarette use among adults vapers in the United States: an internet survey]=== | ===2018: [https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=FDA-2017-N-6565-22941 Patterns of flavored e-cigarette use among adults vapers in the United States: an internet survey]=== <!--T:67--> | ||
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*Survey results submitted to the FDA | *Survey results submitted to the FDA | ||
*In conclusion, this cross-sectional study of a very large sample of adult US e-cigarette users, most of which were former smokers, identified the importance of non-tobacco flavors in e-cigarette use initiation and sustained use, and their contribution to smoking cessation and relapse prevention. *'''This information should be considered by regulators in order to avoid unintentional adverse effects of over-restrictive regulation on e-cigarette flavors'''. | *In conclusion, this cross-sectional study of a very large sample of adult US e-cigarette users, most of which were former smokers, identified the importance of non-tobacco flavors in e-cigarette use initiation and sustained use, and their contribution to smoking cessation and relapse prevention. *'''This information should be considered by regulators in order to avoid unintentional adverse effects of over-restrictive regulation on e-cigarette flavors'''. | ||
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===2018: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/28/2/168 Should flavours be banned in cigarettes and e-cigarettes? Evidence on adult smokers and recent quitters from a discrete choice experiment]=== | ===2018: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/28/2/168 Should flavours be banned in cigarettes and e-cigarettes? Evidence on adult smokers and recent quitters from a discrete choice experiment]=== <!--T:69--> | ||
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*'''A ban on flavoured e-cigarettes would likely increase the choice of cigarettes in smokers, the more harmful way of obtaining nicotine.''' | *'''A ban on flavoured e-cigarettes would likely increase the choice of cigarettes in smokers, the more harmful way of obtaining nicotine.''' | ||
*[https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/28/2/168.full.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/28/2/168.full.pdf PDF Version] | ||
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*Acknowledgement: Research reported in this publication was supported by grant number P50DA036151 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP). | *Acknowledgement: Research reported in this publication was supported by grant number P50DA036151 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP). | ||
=Relapse Prevention or Long Term Abstinence= | =Relapse Prevention or Long Term Abstinence= <!--T:71--> | ||
===2020: [https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-020-00418-8 Reported patterns of vaping to support long-term abstinence from smoking: a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of vapers]=== | ===2020: [https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-020-00418-8 Reported patterns of vaping to support long-term abstinence from smoking: a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of vapers]=== <!--T:72--> | ||
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*Qualitative research suggests e-cigarettes can meet many of the needs of ex-smokers by substituting physical, psychological, social, cultural and identity-related aspects of tobacco addiction. | *Qualitative research suggests e-cigarettes can meet many of the needs of ex-smokers by substituting physical, psychological, social, cultural and identity-related aspects of tobacco addiction. | ||
*According to a time-series analysis of data from the Smoking Toolkit study, in which repeated cross-sectional surveys are conducted with a representative sample of households in England, increasing prevalence of e-cigarette use in current smokers was predictive of higher success rates of quit attempts. | *According to a time-series analysis of data from the Smoking Toolkit study, in which repeated cross-sectional surveys are conducted with a representative sample of households in England, increasing prevalence of e-cigarette use in current smokers was predictive of higher success rates of quit attempts. | ||
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===2019: Article: [https://www.insidesources.com/e-cigarette-flavor-bans-will-drive-more-people-back-to-smoking/ E-Cigarette Flavor Bans Will Drive More People Back to Smoking]=== | ===2019: Article: [https://www.insidesources.com/e-cigarette-flavor-bans-will-drive-more-people-back-to-smoking/ E-Cigarette Flavor Bans Will Drive More People Back to Smoking]=== <!--T:74--> | ||
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*These laws will result in thousands of ex-smokers returning to cigarette smoking because the e-cigarettes they rely upon are taken off the shelves, while tobacco cigarettes remain. The absurdity of these proposals is that they restrict the sale of e-cigarettes more severely than the sale of actual cigarettes, the ones that are killing more than 400,000 Americans each year. Why would regulators want to give a competitive advantage to cigarettes over the much safer alternative? | *These laws will result in thousands of ex-smokers returning to cigarette smoking because the e-cigarettes they rely upon are taken off the shelves, while tobacco cigarettes remain. The absurdity of these proposals is that they restrict the sale of e-cigarettes more severely than the sale of actual cigarettes, the ones that are killing more than 400,000 Americans each year. Why would regulators want to give a competitive advantage to cigarettes over the much safer alternative? | ||
*By creating barriers to a much healthier product, these laws will simply force former smokers to return to cigarette smoking. Lawmakers are doing a huge favor not for the public’s health, but for Marlboro, which is going to see a windfall in the ex-smoker market as all of its competition from vaping products is eliminated. | *By creating barriers to a much healthier product, these laws will simply force former smokers to return to cigarette smoking. Lawmakers are doing a huge favor not for the public’s health, but for Marlboro, which is going to see a windfall in the ex-smoker market as all of its competition from vaping products is eliminated. | ||
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=Smoking Cessation= | =Smoking Cessation= <!--T:76--> | ||
===2021: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/23/9/1490/6149939 How Does the Use of Flavored Nicotine Vaping Products Relate to Progression Toward Quitting Smoking? Findings From the 2016 and 2018 ITC 4CV Surveys]=== | ===2021: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/23/9/1490/6149939 How Does the Use of Flavored Nicotine Vaping Products Relate to Progression Toward Quitting Smoking? Findings From the 2016 and 2018 ITC 4CV Surveys]=== <!--T:77--> | ||
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*Use of fruit and other sweet flavored e-liquids is positively related to smokers’ transition away from cigarettes. | *Use of fruit and other sweet flavored e-liquids is positively related to smokers’ transition away from cigarettes. | ||
*Citation: Lin Li, PhD, Ron Borland, PhD, Kenneth Michael Cummings, PhD, Geoffrey T Fong, PhD, Shannon Gravely, PhD, Danielle M Smith, MPH, Maciej L Goniewicz, PhD, Richard J O’Connor, PhD, Mary E Thompson, PhD, Ann McNeill, PhD, How Does the Use of Flavored Nicotine Vaping Products Relate to Progression Toward Quitting Smoking? Findings From the 2016 and 2018 ITC 4CV Surveys, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 23, Issue 9, September 2021, Pages 1490–1497, doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab033 | *Citation: Lin Li, PhD, Ron Borland, PhD, Kenneth Michael Cummings, PhD, Geoffrey T Fong, PhD, Shannon Gravely, PhD, Danielle M Smith, MPH, Maciej L Goniewicz, PhD, Richard J O’Connor, PhD, Mary E Thompson, PhD, Ann McNeill, PhD, How Does the Use of Flavored Nicotine Vaping Products Relate to Progression Toward Quitting Smoking? Findings From the 2016 and 2018 ITC 4CV Surveys, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 23, Issue 9, September 2021, Pages 1490–1497, doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab033 | ||
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===2020: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7275248/ Associations of Flavored e-Cigarette Uptake With Subsequent Smoking Initiation and Cessation]=== | ===2020: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7275248/ Associations of Flavored e-Cigarette Uptake With Subsequent Smoking Initiation and Cessation]=== <!--T:79--> | ||
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*'''Adults who began vaping nontobacco-flavored e-cigarettes were more likely to quit smoking than those who vaped tobacco flavors'''. | *'''Adults who began vaping nontobacco-flavored e-cigarettes were more likely to quit smoking than those who vaped tobacco flavors'''. | ||
*Banning flavors altogether may be too blunt an instrument for the current problem (youth use of vapor products). | *Banning flavors altogether may be too blunt an instrument for the current problem (youth use of vapor products). | ||
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===2019: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460318311821 The role of flavors in vaping initiation and satisfaction among U.S. adults]=== | ===2019: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460318311821 The role of flavors in vaping initiation and satisfaction among U.S. adults]=== <!--T:81--> | ||
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*Most common reasons for vaping initiation were as an alternative to cigarettes (43.7%) and because respondents viewed e-cigarettes as less harmful than other tobacco products (31.2%). Flavor was the third most commonly reported reason. | *Most common reasons for vaping initiation were as an alternative to cigarettes (43.7%) and because respondents viewed e-cigarettes as less harmful than other tobacco products (31.2%). Flavor was the third most commonly reported reason. | ||
*'''Satisfaction among those who bought flavored e-liquid was higher than those who did not buy flavored e-liquid'''. | *'''Satisfaction among those who bought flavored e-liquid was higher than those who did not buy flavored e-liquid'''. | ||
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===2019: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31477072/ Vaping patterns, nicotine dependence and reasons for vaping among American Indian dual users of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes]=== | ===2019: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31477072/ Vaping patterns, nicotine dependence and reasons for vaping among American Indian dual users of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes]=== <!--T:83--> | ||
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*The ten-item Penn State Dependence Index (PSDI) suggested greater dependence on smoking than vaping | *The ten-item Penn State Dependence Index (PSDI) suggested greater dependence on smoking than vaping | ||
*'''The most common reasons for vaping were to reduce smoking (79%)''', enjoyment of flavors (78%), and ability to vape where smoking is not allowed (73%). Perceptions of less harm to others (69%) or to self were the next most common (65%). Fewer than half used ECs to reduce stress, for affordability, or because others used them. | *'''The most common reasons for vaping were to reduce smoking (79%)''', enjoyment of flavors (78%), and ability to vape where smoking is not allowed (73%). Perceptions of less harm to others (69%) or to self were the next most common (65%). Fewer than half used ECs to reduce stress, for affordability, or because others used them. | ||
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===2019: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqTdqLZQUCo Video: Can Flavors Help People Who Smoke Quit Smoking?]=== | ===2019: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqTdqLZQUCo Video: Can Flavors Help People Who Smoke Quit Smoking?]=== <!--T:85--> | ||
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*Minnesota Smoke-Free Alliance | *Minnesota Smoke-Free Alliance | ||
*Do flavors help adults quit smoking? Is there "right" flavored products and "wrong" flavored products? Do we have the right to tell people they have to quit smoking using a method we approve of? (English) | *Do flavors help adults quit smoking? Is there "right" flavored products and "wrong" flavored products? Do we have the right to tell people they have to quit smoking using a method we approve of? (English) | ||
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===2019: Article: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/18yNyRhNe0liQ_uP3tSEcaLV9JB-gLyMEnCuE8aLBtPc/edit?usp=sharing Flavors make vaping more palatable, help cigarette smokers kick the habit]=== | ===2019: Article: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/18yNyRhNe0liQ_uP3tSEcaLV9JB-gLyMEnCuE8aLBtPc/edit?usp=sharing Flavors make vaping more palatable, help cigarette smokers kick the habit]=== <!--T:87--> | ||
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*Flavored e-cigarettes were not invented by “Big Tobacco,” nor are they an unscrupulous marketing plot from the thousands of small, independently owned vape companies in the United States to addict kids. Non-tobacco vape flavors are a user innovation. | *Flavored e-cigarettes were not invented by “Big Tobacco,” nor are they an unscrupulous marketing plot from the thousands of small, independently owned vape companies in the United States to addict kids. Non-tobacco vape flavors are a user innovation. | ||
*Fruit, candy, bakery, mint, and beverage flavors were introduced to vaping in 2008 by pioneering users of the technology who were desperate to use e-cigarettes to replace smoking. | *Fruit, candy, bakery, mint, and beverage flavors were introduced to vaping in 2008 by pioneering users of the technology who were desperate to use e-cigarettes to replace smoking. | ||
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===2019: Article: [https://www.chieftain.com/opinion/20191128/banning-flavored-e-cigarettes-has-consequences Banning flavored e-cigarettes has consequences]=== | ===2019: Article: [https://www.chieftain.com/opinion/20191128/banning-flavored-e-cigarettes-has-consequences Banning flavored e-cigarettes has consequences]=== <!--T:89--> | ||
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*Instead of clamping down on teen vaping or socking it to Juul, a total vape flavor ban would shut down more than 14,000 small businesses and put at least 166,000 people out of work, while denying millions of Americans access to the tools they used to quit smoking. | *Instead of clamping down on teen vaping or socking it to Juul, a total vape flavor ban would shut down more than 14,000 small businesses and put at least 166,000 people out of work, while denying millions of Americans access to the tools they used to quit smoking. | ||
*E-cigarettes are known to be at least 95 percent safer than combustible cigarettes. If every smoker in America switched to vaping, as many as 6.6 million lives could be saved over the next decade. | *E-cigarettes are known to be at least 95 percent safer than combustible cigarettes. If every smoker in America switched to vaping, as many as 6.6 million lives could be saved over the next decade. | ||
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===2018: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/20/8/977/4061315?redirectedFrom=fulltext Advice From Former-Smoking E-Cigarette Users to Current Smokers on How to Use E-Cigarettes as Part of an Attempt to Quit Smoking]=== | ===2018: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/20/8/977/4061315?redirectedFrom=fulltext Advice From Former-Smoking E-Cigarette Users to Current Smokers on How to Use E-Cigarettes as Part of an Attempt to Quit Smoking]=== <!--T:91--> | ||
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*This study describes the advice that former-smokers who used e-cigarettes to quit smoking would offer to smokers who are considering using an e-cigarette to support an attempt to quit smoking. '''Vapers advised smokers to find the right combination of device, flavors and nicotine strength''', continue to smoke and vape for a while if they wished, not be deterred by past failed attempts to quit smoking, and expect health to improve after they have switched to vaping. Encouraging smokers to interact with vaping peers in vape shops and in online vaping-dedicated discussion forums may help significantly more smokers switch to vaping. | *This study describes the advice that former-smokers who used e-cigarettes to quit smoking would offer to smokers who are considering using an e-cigarette to support an attempt to quit smoking. '''Vapers advised smokers to find the right combination of device, flavors and nicotine strength''', continue to smoke and vape for a while if they wished, not be deterred by past failed attempts to quit smoking, and expect health to improve after they have switched to vaping. Encouraging smokers to interact with vaping peers in vape shops and in online vaping-dedicated discussion forums may help significantly more smokers switch to vaping. | ||
*[https://sci-hub.do/10.1093/ntr/ntx176# PDF Version] | *[https://sci-hub.do/10.1093/ntr/ntx176# PDF Version] | ||
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===2017: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5800112/ Differences between Dual Users and Switchers Center around Vaping Behavior and Its Experiences Rather than Beliefs and Attitudes]=== | ===2017: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5800112/ Differences between Dual Users and Switchers Center around Vaping Behavior and Its Experiences Rather than Beliefs and Attitudes]=== <!--T:93--> | ||
<!--T:94--> | |||
*To the extent that dual users substantially lower the number of cigarettes, they will reduce health risks from smoking. However, from a medical point of view, exclusive vaping is preferable to dual use; | *To the extent that dual users substantially lower the number of cigarettes, they will reduce health risks from smoking. However, from a medical point of view, exclusive vaping is preferable to dual use; | ||
*Differences between dual users and switchers center around variables proximal to the vaping behavior and its experienced effects rather than hinging on more general vaping-related beliefs and attitudes. | *Differences between dual users and switchers center around variables proximal to the vaping behavior and its experienced effects rather than hinging on more general vaping-related beliefs and attitudes. | ||
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===2015: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4808473/ Preferred Flavors and Reasons for E-cigarette Use and Discontinued Use Among Never, Current, and Former Smokers]=== | ===2015: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4808473/ Preferred Flavors and Reasons for E-cigarette Use and Discontinued Use Among Never, Current, and Former Smokers]=== <!--T:95--> | ||
<!--T:96--> | |||
*Never users had significantly lower prevalence of use of alcohol, marijuana, and other tobacco products (take less risks). | *Never users had significantly lower prevalence of use of alcohol, marijuana, and other tobacco products (take less risks). | ||
*The most commonly reported reasons for e-cigarette use were “they might be less harmful than cigarettes” (77%); “they don’t smell” (77%); “they help people quit smoking” (66%); and “they cost less than other forms of tobacco” (62%); these reasons were more frequently endorsed by former smokers. | *The most commonly reported reasons for e-cigarette use were “they might be less harmful than cigarettes” (77%); “they don’t smell” (77%); “they help people quit smoking” (66%); and “they cost less than other forms of tobacco” (62%); these reasons were more frequently endorsed by former smokers. | ||
| Line 442: | Line 488: | ||
===2013: [https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/12/7272/htm Impact of Flavour Variability on Electronic Cigarette Use Experience: An Internet Survey]=== | ===2013: [https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/12/7272/htm Impact of Flavour Variability on Electronic Cigarette Use Experience: An Internet Survey]=== <!--T:97--> | ||
<!--T:98--> | |||
*4,618 participants were included in the analysis, with 4,515 reporting current smoking status (current vs. former smokers). | *4,618 participants were included in the analysis, with 4,515 reporting current smoking status (current vs. former smokers). | ||
*More than 90% were former smokers. The mean age was 40 years | *More than 90% were former smokers. The mean age was 40 years | ||
| Line 455: | Line 502: | ||
===2006: [https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06686.x Tobacco Dependence: Global Public Health Potential for New Medications Development and Indications]=== | ===2006: [https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06686.x Tobacco Dependence: Global Public Health Potential for New Medications Development and Indications]=== <!--T:99--> | ||
<!--T:100--> | |||
*The marketing of a mint-flavored form of nicotine gum in the United States increased the market for nicotine gum by more than 25% and contributed to increasing numbers of smokers finding a treatment that was acceptable and thereby successfully quitting smoking. | *The marketing of a mint-flavored form of nicotine gum in the United States increased the market for nicotine gum by more than 25% and contributed to increasing numbers of smokers finding a treatment that was acceptable and thereby successfully quitting smoking. | ||
*There is clearly a need for increased forms of nicotine delivery, possibly including those that more closely mimic the pharmacokinetics of cigarettes. | *There is clearly a need for increased forms of nicotine delivery, possibly including those that more closely mimic the pharmacokinetics of cigarettes. | ||
| Line 463: | Line 511: | ||
*Acknowledgement: Portions of this paper were adapted from a paper submitted by these authors to The Economics of Neuroscience. 37 The preparation of this paper was partially supported by unrestricted funding by SmithKline Beecham Consumer Healthcare for which the authors also provide consulting services. | *Acknowledgement: Portions of this paper were adapted from a paper submitted by these authors to The Economics of Neuroscience. 37 The preparation of this paper was partially supported by unrestricted funding by SmithKline Beecham Consumer Healthcare for which the authors also provide consulting services. | ||
=Use of Flavors (Youth to Sr. Citizens)= | =Use of Flavors (Youth to Sr. Citizens)= <!--T:101--> | ||
===2020: [https://watermark.silverchair.com/ntaa248.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAArMwggKvBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggKgMIICnAIBADCCApUGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMsUiST8f8L3FvTG8YAgEQgIICZovK-OLqdbWKZq6cNuR5I_O_F6n4jTn_zmdWXkUjuET2EhmXwOWOGA7cwe83Fv5fmid7AedenbSLbSVtclpW8RrIR4V7ryYBS24TsSwe81TvK8SfXkmfbkfOMIDjxP5PrWg0Jkg6TfKU4YIINWJXoztK7QQY1KQVrdL8-D0e2mZpmmhPZl7Al66TDYMEY4xHUH2YQFzA1dh_Ik5kGaeOAtFV4UCduk8XDkkkMM1ZnRBCh_osDkIQRdp8fG6zfo78xe-lsXPNXhblbQw5XpvVAofzq7KE51_5AOdtl3r32zfN4kzqiqpbXYezBO25ZzIKp-i_AMgiftBgMFXUKMhq5d_JkKt9chy346mGFWUdbNDhp0ZT8i3k1QUY8he8TNV9bW6JPhncLSYVwRjMo_qua9XafPJrK7W-hMhOv5HqLwhUHI5ygs8osaJ2ALOtDNxuwLwp4kdGBe47WnJnZ1Q3e-D3Q0D0NWOp8ZK2VkyNk-vfr3y-SvsMEkvP4TlR9_tZmRPOONSLD_3T0YzCUvPsb_NwA_nle2JG2DXz_9OfUpGJh6R_OgFPnWVfGFHHS6KepCRRFvepW0QuH_Co7MMa8kOjNh3xUqOY4Nh7Q7DksrtwNPBumBI-fymemyOpyVH3RHh96mOnLm4IETRej_Ipj9u65ybFA7PeibYj4vBHRxIWvK6qUv7pva7aWJm9krekq_Vnhh2WtNdyIt6TGjkjRH6Bkoy7_-zGdi7Nbh_wggvmjT4lRiEDVYUE0C5fLcjFlH4gLnwj6Ng-LSF-KSejsjfPQyRq2D73oZknV3nCRMw0K06X0IZC Choice and variety-seeking of e-liquids and flavour (flavor) categories by New Zealand smokers using an electronic cigarette: a longitudinal study]=== | ===2020: [https://watermark.silverchair.com/ntaa248.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAArMwggKvBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggKgMIICnAIBADCCApUGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMsUiST8f8L3FvTG8YAgEQgIICZovK-OLqdbWKZq6cNuR5I_O_F6n4jTn_zmdWXkUjuET2EhmXwOWOGA7cwe83Fv5fmid7AedenbSLbSVtclpW8RrIR4V7ryYBS24TsSwe81TvK8SfXkmfbkfOMIDjxP5PrWg0Jkg6TfKU4YIINWJXoztK7QQY1KQVrdL8-D0e2mZpmmhPZl7Al66TDYMEY4xHUH2YQFzA1dh_Ik5kGaeOAtFV4UCduk8XDkkkMM1ZnRBCh_osDkIQRdp8fG6zfo78xe-lsXPNXhblbQw5XpvVAofzq7KE51_5AOdtl3r32zfN4kzqiqpbXYezBO25ZzIKp-i_AMgiftBgMFXUKMhq5d_JkKt9chy346mGFWUdbNDhp0ZT8i3k1QUY8he8TNV9bW6JPhncLSYVwRjMo_qua9XafPJrK7W-hMhOv5HqLwhUHI5ygs8osaJ2ALOtDNxuwLwp4kdGBe47WnJnZ1Q3e-D3Q0D0NWOp8ZK2VkyNk-vfr3y-SvsMEkvP4TlR9_tZmRPOONSLD_3T0YzCUvPsb_NwA_nle2JG2DXz_9OfUpGJh6R_OgFPnWVfGFHHS6KepCRRFvepW0QuH_Co7MMa8kOjNh3xUqOY4Nh7Q7DksrtwNPBumBI-fymemyOpyVH3RHh96mOnLm4IETRej_Ipj9u65ybFA7PeibYj4vBHRxIWvK6qUv7pva7aWJm9krekq_Vnhh2WtNdyIt6TGjkjRH6Bkoy7_-zGdi7Nbh_wggvmjT4lRiEDVYUE0C5fLcjFlH4gLnwj6Ng-LSF-KSejsjfPQyRq2D73oZknV3nCRMw0K06X0IZC Choice and variety-seeking of e-liquids and flavour (flavor) categories by New Zealand smokers using an electronic cigarette: a longitudinal study]=== <!--T:102--> | ||
<!--T:103--> | |||
*'''Variety-seeking behaviour (behavior) was common and typically reported within the first 12 weeks of participants’ e-cigarette-assisted attempt to transition away from smoking.''' | *'''Variety-seeking behaviour (behavior) was common and typically reported within the first 12 weeks of participants’ e-cigarette-assisted attempt to transition away from smoking.''' | ||
*Policies allowing diverse e-liquid flavours at specialist stores could support users’ variety-seeking and potentially create opportunities to couple e-liquid purchasing occasions with cessation advice during the first months of a transition attempt. | *Policies allowing diverse e-liquid flavours at specialist stores could support users’ variety-seeking and potentially create opportunities to couple e-liquid purchasing occasions with cessation advice during the first months of a transition attempt. | ||
| Line 477: | Line 526: | ||
===2018: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6022703/ Changing patterns of first e-cigarette flavor used and current flavors used by 20,836 adult frequent e-cigarette users in the USA]=== | ===2018: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6022703/ Changing patterns of first e-cigarette flavor used and current flavors used by 20,836 adult frequent e-cigarette users in the USA]=== <!--T:104--> | ||
<!--T:105--> | |||
*Adult frequent e-cigarette users in the USA who have completely switched from smoking cigarettes to using e-cigarettes are increasingly likely to have initiated e-cigarette use with non-tobacco flavors and to have transitioned from tobacco to non-tobacco flavors over time. '''Restricting access to non-tobacco e-cigarette flavors may discourage smokers from attempting to switch to e-cigarettes'''. | *Adult frequent e-cigarette users in the USA who have completely switched from smoking cigarettes to using e-cigarettes are increasingly likely to have initiated e-cigarette use with non-tobacco flavors and to have transitioned from tobacco to non-tobacco flavors over time. '''Restricting access to non-tobacco e-cigarette flavors may discourage smokers from attempting to switch to e-cigarettes'''. | ||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6022703/pdf/12954_2018_Article_238.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6022703/pdf/12954_2018_Article_238.pdf PDF Version] | ||
| Line 486: | Line 536: | ||
===2015: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/17/10/1255/1028251?redirectedFrom=fulltext The Impact of Flavor Descriptors on Nonsmoking Teens’ and Adult Smokers’ Interest in Electronic Cigarettes]=== | ===2015: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/17/10/1255/1028251?redirectedFrom=fulltext The Impact of Flavor Descriptors on Nonsmoking Teens’ and Adult Smokers’ Interest in Electronic Cigarettes]=== <!--T:106--> | ||
<!--T:107--> | |||
*Nonsmoking teens’ interest in e-cigarettes was very low. | *Nonsmoking teens’ interest in e-cigarettes was very low. | ||
*Adult smokers’ interest was significantly higher overall and for each flavor. | *Adult smokers’ interest was significantly higher overall and for each flavor. | ||
| Line 500: | Line 551: | ||
===2013: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1054139X12004090 Adolescent Males' Awareness of and Willingness to Try Electronic Cigarettes]=== | ===2013: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1054139X12004090 Adolescent Males' Awareness of and Willingness to Try Electronic Cigarettes]=== <!--T:108--> | ||
<!--T:109--> | |||
*Only two participants (< 1%) had previously tried e-cigarettes. | *Only two participants (< 1%) had previously tried e-cigarettes. | ||
*Among those who had not tried e-cigarettes, most (67%) had heard of them. Awareness was higher among older and non-Hispanic adolescents. | *Among those who had not tried e-cigarettes, most (67%) had heard of them. Awareness was higher among older and non-Hispanic adolescents. | ||
| Line 513: | Line 565: | ||
=Youth= | =Youth= <!--T:110--> | ||
===2020: [https://cei.org/issue_analysis/perverse-psychology/ Report Summary: Perverse Psychology How Anti-Vaping Campaigners Created the Youth Vaping “Epidemic”]=== | ===2020: [https://cei.org/issue_analysis/perverse-psychology/ Report Summary: Perverse Psychology How Anti-Vaping Campaigners Created the Youth Vaping “Epidemic”]=== <!--T:111--> | ||
<!--T:112--> | |||
*It is reasonable for anti-tobacco advocates to worry about youth experimentation with nicotine, but the evidence is clear that their interventions have backfired and made the problem worse. Their attempts to dissuade teenagers from vaping increased their awareness of the behavior, made it more attractive, and convinced them that everyone around them was doing it. | *It is reasonable for anti-tobacco advocates to worry about youth experimentation with nicotine, but the evidence is clear that their interventions have backfired and made the problem worse. Their attempts to dissuade teenagers from vaping increased their awareness of the behavior, made it more attractive, and convinced them that everyone around them was doing it. | ||
*Anti-tobacco advocates argue that the government can end the “epidemic” by raising the minimum tobacco age to 21, '''banning non-tobacco e-cigarette flavors''', and increasing funding for anti-vaping education. But, as this paper has demonstrated, '''these measures will not only fail, they will actually make matters worse by increasing the coolness of vaping and youth attraction to it'''. | *Anti-tobacco advocates argue that the government can end the “epidemic” by raising the minimum tobacco age to 21, '''banning non-tobacco e-cigarette flavors''', and increasing funding for anti-vaping education. But, as this paper has demonstrated, '''these measures will not only fail, they will actually make matters worse by increasing the coolness of vaping and youth attraction to it'''. | ||
| Line 526: | Line 579: | ||
===2020: [https://www.nber.org/papers/w26811 Paper: Intended and Unintended Effects of Banning Menthol Cigarettes]=== | ===2020: [https://www.nber.org/papers/w26811 Paper: Intended and Unintended Effects of Banning Menthol Cigarettes]=== <!--T:113--> | ||
<!--T:114--> | |||
*'''Menthol bans significantly increased non-menthol cigarette smoking among youths, resulting in no overall net change in youth smoking rates'''. | *'''Menthol bans significantly increased non-menthol cigarette smoking among youths, resulting in no overall net change in youth smoking rates'''. | ||
*Menthol bans shifted smokers’ cigarette purchases away from grocery stores and gas stations to First Nations reserves (where the menthol bans do not bind). | *Menthol bans shifted smokers’ cigarette purchases away from grocery stores and gas stations to First Nations reserves (where the menthol bans do not bind). | ||
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===2020: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4_l-klxqCQ Video: Vaping: what people are getting wrong]=== | ===2020: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4_l-klxqCQ Video: Vaping: what people are getting wrong]=== <!--T:115--> | ||
<!--T:116--> | |||
*The Economist | *The Economist | ||
*A youth vaping “epidemic” and a mysterious outbreak of lung disease in America has led to curbs on e-cigarette flavours. A backlash against vaping is perpetuating myths about nicotine-based e-cigarette products that are not backed up by scientific research. (UK / English) | *A youth vaping “epidemic” and a mysterious outbreak of lung disease in America has led to curbs on e-cigarette flavours. A backlash against vaping is perpetuating myths about nicotine-based e-cigarette products that are not backed up by scientific research. (UK / English) | ||
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===2019: Article: [https://www.clivebates.com/the-us-vaping-flavour-ban-twenty-things-you-should-know/ The US vaping flavour (flavor) ban: twenty things you should know]=== | ===2019: Article: [https://www.clivebates.com/the-us-vaping-flavour-ban-twenty-things-you-should-know/ The US vaping flavour (flavor) ban: twenty things you should know]=== <!--T:117--> | ||
<!--T:118--> | |||
*A well researched article that touches on many of the myths and fears about youth use of flavored vapor products. | *A well researched article that touches on many of the myths and fears about youth use of flavored vapor products. | ||
*[https://www.clivebates.com/documents/Flavours20Nov2019.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.clivebates.com/documents/Flavours20Nov2019.pdf PDF Version] | ||
| Line 548: | Line 604: | ||
===2017: Blog: [http://mommavape.blogspot.com/2017/12/paint-me-green-and-hear-me-roar.html Confessions of an e-liquid mixologist]=== | ===2017: Blog: [http://mommavape.blogspot.com/2017/12/paint-me-green-and-hear-me-roar.html Confessions of an e-liquid mixologist]=== <!--T:119--> | ||
<!--T:120--> | |||
*Certain things really bother me. Like when anti-tobacco activists do things to destroy my pride in being an ex-smoker and helping other people quit smoking. The most hurtful thing of all, is to pervert the effort I put into creating flavors of e-liquids to appeal to adult smokers and accuse me of marketing to children, of trying to addict the next generation of kids on nicotine. | *Certain things really bother me. Like when anti-tobacco activists do things to destroy my pride in being an ex-smoker and helping other people quit smoking. The most hurtful thing of all, is to pervert the effort I put into creating flavors of e-liquids to appeal to adult smokers and accuse me of marketing to children, of trying to addict the next generation of kids on nicotine. | ||
*Not once did I create a flavor and go “hmmmm, I bet a 12 year old would like this”. Not once. I’m not a monster, I’m a mom, an aunt, a grandma, and a great grandma. All I wanted to do is help people quit smoking so they could live long enough to enjoy their extended families. I wanted to help people quit smoking so kids would no longer be exposed to 2nd hand smoke. I wanted to make the world a better place. | *Not once did I create a flavor and go “hmmmm, I bet a 12 year old would like this”. Not once. I’m not a monster, I’m a mom, an aunt, a grandma, and a great grandma. All I wanted to do is help people quit smoking so they could live long enough to enjoy their extended families. I wanted to help people quit smoking so kids would no longer be exposed to 2nd hand smoke. I wanted to make the world a better place. | ||
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=Addressing Myths About Flavors= | =Addressing Myths About Flavors= <!--T:121--> | ||
===2020: Article: [https://vaping360.com/learn/popcorn-lung-diacetyl/ Does Diacetyl in Vaping Cause Popcorn Lung?]=== | ===2020: Article: [https://vaping360.com/learn/popcorn-lung-diacetyl/ Does Diacetyl in Vaping Cause Popcorn Lung?]=== <!--T:122--> | ||
<!--T:123--> | |||
*While almost anything is possible, there’s simply no evidence that vaping causes popcorn lung. | *While almost anything is possible, there’s simply no evidence that vaping causes popcorn lung. | ||
===2019: Cancer Research UK: [https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/does-vaping-cause-popcorn-lung Does vaping cause popcorn lung?]=== | ===2019: Cancer Research UK: [https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/does-vaping-cause-popcorn-lung Does vaping cause popcorn lung?]=== <!--T:124--> | ||
<!--T:125--> | |||
*No. There’s no good evidence that e-cigarettes could cause the lung condition called popcorn lung. There’s been no confirmed cases of popcorn lung reported in people who use e-cigarettes. | *No. There’s no good evidence that e-cigarettes could cause the lung condition called popcorn lung. There’s been no confirmed cases of popcorn lung reported in people who use e-cigarettes. | ||
===2019: [https://www.cmaj.ca/content/re-vape-related-popcorn-lung-debunked-years-ago RE: Vape related "Popcorn Lung" debunked years ago]=== | ===2019: [https://www.cmaj.ca/content/re-vape-related-popcorn-lung-debunked-years-ago RE: Vape related "Popcorn Lung" debunked years ago]=== <!--T:126--> | ||
<!--T:127--> | |||
*There is 750x more diacetyl in a pack of cigarettes than there is in a days worth of vaping nicotine fluid, and to date we have no confirmation that smokers are getting popcorn lung. | *There is 750x more diacetyl in a pack of cigarettes than there is in a days worth of vaping nicotine fluid, and to date we have no confirmation that smokers are getting popcorn lung. | ||
===2018: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/research/2018/262-flavors Paper: E-cigarette flavors and aldehyde emissions: another failure to verify findings from a previous study]=== | ===2018: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/research/2018/262-flavors Paper: E-cigarette flavors and aldehyde emissions: another failure to verify findings from a previous study]=== <!--T:128--> | ||
<!--T:129--> | |||
: Our results were revealing in identifying a very small contribution of flavorings on aldehyde emissions. In fact, aldehyde levels were so low that consumption of 5 grams liquid per day would expose vapers to less formaldehyde and acetaldehyde than just staying at home and breathing air. For acrolein, exposure was orders of magnitude lower compared to NIOSH-defined recommended safety limits. To give you an idea of the differences in results, the authors of the original study found up to 7000 ug/g formaldehyde, while we found a maximum of 62 ug/g. | : Our results were revealing in identifying a very small contribution of flavorings on aldehyde emissions. In fact, aldehyde levels were so low that consumption of 5 grams liquid per day would expose vapers to less formaldehyde and acetaldehyde than just staying at home and breathing air. For acrolein, exposure was orders of magnitude lower compared to NIOSH-defined recommended safety limits. To give you an idea of the differences in results, the authors of the original study found up to 7000 ug/g formaldehyde, while we found a maximum of 62 ug/g. | ||
*2017: [https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.059 Do flavouring compounds contribute to aldehyde emissions in e-cigarettes?] | *2017: [https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.059 Do flavouring compounds contribute to aldehyde emissions in e-cigarettes?] | ||
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===2017: [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.6b06030 Comment on “Flavoring Compounds Dominate Toxic Aldehyde Production during E Cigarette Vaping”]=== | ===2017: [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.6b06030 Comment on “Flavoring Compounds Dominate Toxic Aldehyde Production during E Cigarette Vaping”]=== <!--T:130--> | ||
<!--T:131--> | |||
*We would like to point out that the finding is in a stark contrast to previous results. | *We would like to point out that the finding is in a stark contrast to previous results. | ||
*The high levels only happen under dry puff conditions, something avoided by vapers as it is very unpleasant. | *The high levels only happen under dry puff conditions, something avoided by vapers as it is very unpleasant. | ||
| Line 592: | Line 654: | ||
===2015: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/whats-new/whatsnew-2015/234-bo Medical journal MISPRESENTS a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis as popcorn lung disease caused by e-cigarette]=== | ===2015: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/whats-new/whatsnew-2015/234-bo Medical journal MISPRESENTS a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis as popcorn lung disease caused by e-cigarette]=== <!--T:132--> | ||
<!--T:133--> | |||
*It was shocking to see a public statement reporting a case of popcorn lung disease in a patient using e-cigarettes. The title of the public release is: “Case report finds 'popcorn lung' in patient using e-cigarettes. Report points to possibility of diacetyl, a flavoring agent in e-cigarettes, to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome” | *It was shocking to see a public statement reporting a case of popcorn lung disease in a patient using e-cigarettes. The title of the public release is: “Case report finds 'popcorn lung' in patient using e-cigarettes. Report points to possibility of diacetyl, a flavoring agent in e-cigarettes, to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome” | ||
*The article then goes on to explain why it can’t be popcorn lung and calls for the retraction of the study. | *The article then goes on to explain why it can’t be popcorn lung and calls for the retraction of the study. | ||
| Line 600: | Line 663: | ||
===2015 [http://tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.com/2015/12/new-study-finds-that-average-diacetyl.html New Study Finds that Average Diacetyl Exposure from Vaping is 750 Times Lower than from Smoking]=== | ===2015 [http://tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.com/2015/12/new-study-finds-that-average-diacetyl.html New Study Finds that Average Diacetyl Exposure from Vaping is 750 Times Lower than from Smoking]=== <!--T:134--> | ||
<!--T:135--> | |||
*There's just one minor fact that is omitted completely in the article, as well as in all the media coverage. | *There's just one minor fact that is omitted completely in the article, as well as in all the media coverage. | ||
*That fact: All conventional cigarettes produce tobacco smoke that contains diacetyl, and the levels of diacetyl in cigarettes are a lot higher than those produced by e-cigarettes. | *That fact: All conventional cigarettes produce tobacco smoke that contains diacetyl, and the levels of diacetyl in cigarettes are a lot higher than those produced by e-cigarettes. | ||
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=Quotes / Graphics= | =Quotes / Graphics= <!--T:136--> | ||
===Scott Gottlieb, MD - Former USA FDA Commissioner=== | ===Scott Gottlieb, MD - Former USA FDA Commissioner=== <!--T:137--> | ||
<!--T:138--> | |||
[[File:GottliebFlavors.jpg|Scott Gottlieb on Flavors]] | [[File:GottliebFlavors.jpg|Scott Gottlieb on Flavors]] | ||
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===American Association of Public Health Physicians=== | ===American Association of Public Health Physicians=== <!--T:139--> | ||
<!--T:140--> | |||
[[File:AAPHP.jpg|AAPHP flavor statement]] | [[File:AAPHP.jpg|AAPHP flavor statement]] | ||
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===Observation on the variety of flavored products used=== | ===Observation on the variety of flavored products used=== <!--T:141--> | ||
<!--T:142--> | |||
[[File:Flavors_for_smoking_cessation.jpg|NRT vs. ENDS: Does it matter?]] | [[File:Flavors_for_smoking_cessation.jpg|NRT vs. ENDS: Does it matter?]] | ||
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===American Academy of Pediatricts=== | ===American Academy of Pediatricts=== <!--T:143--> | ||
<!--T:144--> | |||
[[File:Flavored_NRT.jpg|Flavored NRT ]] | [[File:Flavored_NRT.jpg|Flavored NRT ]] | ||
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===FDA approved manufacturers of Nicotine Replacement Therapy understand the importance of flavors=== | ===FDA approved manufacturers of Nicotine Replacement Therapy understand the importance of flavors=== <!--T:145--> | ||
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[[File:Nicorette_flavors.jpg|FDA approved NRT comes in flavors]] | [[File:Nicorette_flavors.jpg|FDA approved NRT comes in flavors]] | ||
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===Age demographics of people who eat cotton candy=== | ===Age demographics of people who eat cotton candy=== <!--T:147--> | ||
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[[File:Cotton_candy.png|Cotton Candy]] | [[File:Cotton_candy.png|Cotton Candy]] | ||
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===Senator Dick Durbin endorses banning flavors (1)=== | ===Senator Dick Durbin endorses banning flavors (1)=== <!--T:149--> | ||
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[[File:Senator_Durbin_Ice_Cream.jpg|Senator Durbin Ice Cream ]] | [[File:Senator_Durbin_Ice_Cream.jpg|Senator Durbin Ice Cream ]] | ||
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===Senator Dick Durbin endorses banning flavors (2)=== | ===Senator Dick Durbin endorses banning flavors (2)=== <!--T:151--> | ||
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[[File:Senator_Durbin_Candy.png|Senator Durbin Candy]] | [[File:Senator_Durbin_Candy.png|Senator Durbin Candy]] | ||
=Suggested Studies, Papers, Surveys, and Articles to Add to This Page= | =Suggested Studies, Papers, Surveys, and Articles to Add to This Page= <!--T:153--> | ||
*If you prefer to not add information to this page yourself, drop the links here and one of our editors will do it for you | *If you prefer to not add information to this page yourself, drop the links here and one of our editors will do it for you | ||
===2021: Survey: [https://f1000research.com/articles/10-619/v1 Vaping liquid flavour preferences, oral nicotine pouch and cannabis use: A survey of participants in the 2019 Oceania Vape Expo]=== | ===2021: Survey: [https://f1000research.com/articles/10-619/v1 Vaping liquid flavour preferences, oral nicotine pouch and cannabis use: A survey of participants in the 2019 Oceania Vape Expo]=== <!--T:154--> | ||
===2021: Blog: [https://www.theamericanconsumer.org/2021/01/banning-flavored-tobacco-products-is-just-blowing-smoke/ Banning Flavored Tobacco Products is Just Blowing Smoke]=== | ===2021: Blog: [https://www.theamericanconsumer.org/2021/01/banning-flavored-tobacco-products-is-just-blowing-smoke/ Banning Flavored Tobacco Products is Just Blowing Smoke]=== <!--T:155--> | ||
===2020: Policy Paper: [https://241yjo5ffc43s84vz4462arn-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WHY-VAPE-FLAVORS-MATTER-POLICY-PAPER.pdf Why Vape Flavors Matter]=== | ===2020: Policy Paper: [https://241yjo5ffc43s84vz4462arn-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WHY-VAPE-FLAVORS-MATTER-POLICY-PAPER.pdf Why Vape Flavors Matter]=== <!--T:156--> | ||
===2020: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/montana-should-reject-proposed-ban-on-flavored-vaping-products/ Montana Should Reject Proposed Ban on Flavored Vaping Products]=== | ===2020: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/montana-should-reject-proposed-ban-on-flavored-vaping-products/ Montana Should Reject Proposed Ban on Flavored Vaping Products]=== <!--T:157--> | ||
===2020: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/how-californias-flavored-tobacco-ban-will-hurt-communities-and-budgets/ How California’s Flavored Tobacco Ban Will Hurt Communities and Budgets]=== | ===2020: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/how-californias-flavored-tobacco-ban-will-hurt-communities-and-budgets/ How California’s Flavored Tobacco Ban Will Hurt Communities and Budgets]=== <!--T:158--> | ||
===2020: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/events/the-costs-and-unintended-consequences-of-tobacco-and-vaping-flavor-bans/ The Costs and Unintended Consequences of Tobacco and Vaping Flavor Bans]=== | ===2020: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/events/the-costs-and-unintended-consequences-of-tobacco-and-vaping-flavor-bans/ The Costs and Unintended Consequences of Tobacco and Vaping Flavor Bans]=== <!--T:159--> | ||
===2020: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/in-2020-congress-replaced-war-on-marijuana-with-a-war-on-flavored-tobacco-products/ In 2020, Congress Replaced the War on Marijuana With a War on Flavored Tobacco Products]=== | ===2020: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/in-2020-congress-replaced-war-on-marijuana-with-a-war-on-flavored-tobacco-products/ In 2020, Congress Replaced the War on Marijuana With a War on Flavored Tobacco Products]=== <!--T:160--> | ||
===2020: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/cdc-survey-shows-flavors-arent-driving-youth-vaping/ CDC Survey Shows Flavors Aren’t Driving Youth Vaping]=== | ===2020: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/cdc-survey-shows-flavors-arent-driving-youth-vaping/ CDC Survey Shows Flavors Aren’t Driving Youth Vaping]=== <!--T:161--> | ||
===2020: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/the-negative-impacts-of-massachusetts-flavored-tobacco-ban/ The Negative Impacts of Massachusetts’ Flavored Tobacco Ban]=== | ===2020: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/the-negative-impacts-of-massachusetts-flavored-tobacco-ban/ The Negative Impacts of Massachusetts’ Flavored Tobacco Ban]=== <!--T:162--> | ||
===2019: Policy Paper: [https://www.heartland.org/_template-assets/documents/Tobacco%20Harm%20Reduction%20pdf.pdf TOBACCO HARM REDUCTION 101: A GUIDEBOOK FOR POLICYMAKERS]=== | ===2019: Policy Paper: [https://www.heartland.org/_template-assets/documents/Tobacco%20Harm%20Reduction%20pdf.pdf TOBACCO HARM REDUCTION 101: A GUIDEBOOK FOR POLICYMAKERS]=== <!--T:163--> | ||
===2019: Article: [https://dailygazette.com/2019/07/08/editorial-vote-no-on-flavored-vaping-ban/?fbclid=IwAR1zS8EeRnRi8ItYlqDa68emLywJpHUcccRRT1SOPdZoGROzk7Taea8XkqA EDITORIAL: Vote no on flavored vaping ban]=== | ===2019: Article: [https://dailygazette.com/2019/07/08/editorial-vote-no-on-flavored-vaping-ban/?fbclid=IwAR1zS8EeRnRi8ItYlqDa68emLywJpHUcccRRT1SOPdZoGROzk7Taea8XkqA EDITORIAL: Vote no on flavored vaping ban]=== <!--T:164--> | ||
===2019: [https://vaportechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Dunham-Economic-Impact-of-Flavor-Ban-11-21-19.pdf The Economic Impact of a Ban on Flavored Vapor Products ]=== | ===2019: [https://vaportechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Dunham-Economic-Impact-of-Flavor-Ban-11-21-19.pdf The Economic Impact of a Ban on Flavored Vapor Products ]=== <!--T:165--> | ||
<!--T:166--> | |||
*[https://vaportechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/New-Economic-Analysis-Demonstrates-Significant-Negative-Impact-of-a-National-Flavor-Ban50808.pdf NEW ECONOMIC ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATES SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE IMPACT OF A NATIONAL FLAVOR BAN ] | *[https://vaportechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/New-Economic-Analysis-Demonstrates-Significant-Negative-Impact-of-a-National-Flavor-Ban50808.pdf NEW ECONOMIC ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATES SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE IMPACT OF A NATIONAL FLAVOR BAN ] | ||
===2019: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/albanys-proposed-flavored-tobacco-ban-misses-the-mark/ Albany’s Proposed Flavored Tobacco Ban Misses the Mark]=== | ===2019: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/albanys-proposed-flavored-tobacco-ban-misses-the-mark/ Albany’s Proposed Flavored Tobacco Ban Misses the Mark]=== <!--T:167--> | ||
===2019: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/the-public-health-case-for-e-cigarette-flavors/ The Public Health Case for E-Cigarette Flavors]=== | ===2019: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/the-public-health-case-for-e-cigarette-flavors/ The Public Health Case for E-Cigarette Flavors]=== <!--T:168--> | ||
===2019: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/wp-content/uploads/michigan-e-cigarette-flavors-explainer.pdf E-Cigarette Flavor Ban Creates Public Health Problems]=== | ===2019: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/wp-content/uploads/michigan-e-cigarette-flavors-explainer.pdf E-Cigarette Flavor Ban Creates Public Health Problems]=== <!--T:169--> | ||
===2018: Testimony to FDA: [https://reason.org/commentary/comments-on-fdas-advance-notice-of-proposed-rulemaking-on-flavored-tobacco-products/ Comments on FDA's Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Flavored Tobacco Products]=== | ===2018: Testimony to FDA: [https://reason.org/commentary/comments-on-fdas-advance-notice-of-proposed-rulemaking-on-flavored-tobacco-products/ Comments on FDA's Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Flavored Tobacco Products]=== <!--T:170--> | ||
<!--T:171--> | |||
*Reason Foundation / Guy Bentley | *Reason Foundation / Guy Bentley | ||
===2018: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/san-francisco-flavored-vapes-and-the-next-prohibition-disaster/ San Francisco, Flavored Vapes, and the Next Prohibition Disaster]=== | ===2018: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/san-francisco-flavored-vapes-and-the-next-prohibition-disaster/ San Francisco, Flavored Vapes, and the Next Prohibition Disaster]=== <!--T:172--> | ||
===2018: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/californias-plan-to-ban-vaping-flavors-would-hurt-public-health/ California’s Plan to Ban Vaping Flavors would Hurt Public Health]=== | ===2018: Policy Blog: [https://reason.org/commentary/californias-plan-to-ban-vaping-flavors-would-hurt-public-health/ California’s Plan to Ban Vaping Flavors would Hurt Public Health]=== <!--T:173--> | ||
===2017: Blog: [http://tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.com/2017/05/vape-shop-air-sampling-by-california.html Vape Shop Air Sampling by California State Health Department Suggests that Secondhand Vape Exposure is Minimal]=== | ===2017: Blog: [http://tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.com/2017/05/vape-shop-air-sampling-by-california.html Vape Shop Air Sampling by California State Health Department Suggests that Secondhand Vape Exposure is Minimal]=== <!--T:174--> | ||
===2017: Blog: [https://www.clivebates.com/flavors Are e-liquid flavours really 'hooking another generation of kids'?]=== | ===2017: Blog: [https://www.clivebates.com/flavors Are e-liquid flavours really 'hooking another generation of kids'?]=== <!--T:175--> | ||
=Page Editor Instructions= | =Page Editor Instructions= <!--T:176--> | ||
*'''PAGE EDITORS - Please add Studies, Surveys, Papers in this format to keep page consistent for all viewers.''' | *'''PAGE EDITORS - Please add Studies, Surveys, Papers in this format to keep page consistent for all viewers.''' | ||
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[[Category:Studies, Surveys, and Papers]] | [[Category:Studies, Surveys, and Papers]] | ||
[[Category:Media - Movies, Videos, Vlogs, Blogs, OpEds, News, etc.]] [[Category: FAQ Question]] | [[Category:Media - Movies, Videos, Vlogs, Blogs, OpEds, News, etc.]] [[Category: FAQ Question]] | ||
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