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*In this commentary, '''we make an appeal for researchers and clinicians to use person-first language (eg, “people who smoke”) rather than commonly used labels (eg, “smokers”)''' in written (eg, in scholarly reports) and verbal communication (eg, clinical case presentations) to promote greater respect and convey dignity for people who smoke. We assert that the use of precise and bias-free language to describe people who smoke has the potential to reduce smoking-related stigma and may enhance the precision of scientific communication. [emphasis added] | *In this commentary, '''we make an appeal for researchers and clinicians to use person-first language (eg, “people who smoke”) rather than commonly used labels (eg, “smokers”)''' in written (eg, in scholarly reports) and verbal communication (eg, clinical case presentations) to promote greater respect and convey dignity for people who smoke. We assert that the use of precise and bias-free language to describe people who smoke has the potential to reduce smoking-related stigma and may enhance the precision of scientific communication. [emphasis added] | ||
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=='''Articles, Websites, Blogs - Smoker'''== | |||
===2022: [https://www.theexprogram.com/resources/blog/how-to-reduce-mental-health-stigma-smoking-stigma-in-the-workplace/ How to Reduce Mental Health Stigma, Smoking Stigma in the Workplace]=== | |||
*It can be tempting to dismiss these kinds of negative labels as simply semantics, but research has shown that language matters. '''Using person-first language like “people who smoke” '''instead of “smokers” acknowledges the tenacity of this disease, conveys dignity and greater respect, and can reduce smoking-related stigma. | |||
*People who smoke are often perceived as having negative personality and social traits. | |||
*These aren’t silent biases either: these negative perceptions influence attitudes about people who smoke, which in turn influence non-smokers’ willingness to interact with people who smoke. | |||
*...there are 21 states that do not offer employment protection to tobacco users, allowing employers to refuse to hire people who smoke. Unsurprisingly, people who smoke have a harder time getting hired. For example, the chances of getting a job within a year is reduced by 24% for unemployed job seekers who smoke compared to non-smokers, even when other factors like criminal history are considered. | |||
*And even with a job, the stigma still carries through, as people who smoke earn 20% less compared to non-smokers. | |||
*Stigma associated with many mental health conditions like depression is now a well-recognized issue. By acknowledging this stigma, it has allowed considerable progress to be made. Unfortunately, the same progress has not been made in reducing the stigma of substance use disorders like nicotine addiction. | |||
===2021: [https://blog-ecog-acrin.org/a-new-guide-encourages-the-use-of-language-that-is-respectful-of-patients-free-of-stigma-inclusive-and-equitable/ A New Guide Encourages the Use of Language that is Respectful of Patients, Free of Stigma, Inclusive, and Equitable]=== | |||
*'''End stigma: Promote judgment-free, bias-free language. Try 'person who smokes' rather than 'smoker.' ''' [emphasis added] | |||
*'A person with nicotine dependence' instead of 'a nicotine addict.' | |||
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=='''Examples of an alternative to "smoker" - PWS (People Who Smoke)'''== | |||
===CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: [https://www.cdc.gov/healthcommunication/Preferred_Terms.html Preferred Terms for Select Population Groups & Communities]=== | |||
*'''Instead of this… "Smokers," Try this... "People who smoke" ''' | |||
===2022: [https://ash.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ASH-Housing-LIN-Smoking-and-Social-Housing-May-2022.pdf Smoking and social housing from LIN and ASH]=== | |||
*''' "People who smoke" '''are mentioned 16 times in this report. One example: "These particular examples also shine a light on the potential of e-cigarettes for people who smoke and live in social housing. Reviews of the evidence by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicines in the US and the UK Committee on Toxicity have concluded that the relative risk of adverse health effects from e-cigarettes are likely to be substantially lower than from smoking. E-cigarettes have also been shown to be an effective aid for quitting, in clinical trials and at population level, with some evidence suggesting they are even more effective than traditional forms of nicotine replacement therapy, like patches and gum. They also appear to have been particularly valuable among groups who face higher levels of addiction and more barriers to quitting, for example among people experiencing homelessness and people with mental health conditions. Considered alongside the evidence from the ‘Swap to-Stop scheme, e-cigarettes therefore present a real opportunity to substantially benefit people who smoke and live in social housing." | |||
===[https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/news/2021/05/health-canada-announces-funding-for-a-tobacco-cessation-project-to-mark-world-no-tobacco-day-2021.html Health Canada]=== | |||
*"Today, to mark World No Tobacco Day, the Honourable Patty Hajdu, Minister of Health, announced $3 million in funding for a national social marketing campaign to encourage '''people who smoke''' to quit." | |||
===[https://www.cancer.org/healthy/stay-away-from-tobacco/e-cigarettes-vaping/what-do-we-know-about-e-cigarettes.html American Cancer Society]=== | |||
*"Some '''people who smoke''' choose to try e-cigarettes to help them stop smoking. Stopping smoking clearly has well-documented health benefits...People who have already switched completely from smoking to e-cigarettes should not switch back to smoking (either solely or along with e-cigarettes), which could expose them to potentially devastating health effects." | |||
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=='''Studies, Papers, Reports - Smoking'''== | =='''Studies, Papers, Reports - Smoking'''== | ||
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*Few low SES smokers questioned their smoking status, instead framing smoking as a ‘fact of life’. However, there was also a clear sense that tobacco control, and its adherents, are contributing to a sense of stigmatised identity for these smokers. | *Few low SES smokers questioned their smoking status, instead framing smoking as a ‘fact of life’. However, there was also a clear sense that tobacco control, and its adherents, are contributing to a sense of stigmatised identity for these smokers. | ||
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=='''Studies, Papers, Reports - Employment and Insurance'''== | =='''Studies, Papers, Reports - Employment and Insurance'''== | ||
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*Structural forms of discrimination perpetrated against smokers and former smokers (e.g., company policies against hiring smokers) are also related to smoker-related stigma. | *Structural forms of discrimination perpetrated against smokers and former smokers (e.g., company policies against hiring smokers) are also related to smoker-related stigma. | ||
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='''"Relapse"'''= | ='''"Relapse"'''= | ||
*Suggested words to use instead of relapse(d): recurrence (appears to be the most widely used), return, resume (resumption), slip, lapse, (use) episode, substance use (no strings attached to current, former, daily, random), revert, recent use... these and other suggestions can be found on this question posed on [https://twitter.com/imaracingmom/status/1519975031778033665 Twitter] in the comments. | *Suggested words to use instead of relapse(d): recurrence (appears to be the most widely used), return, resume (resumption), slip, lapse, (use) episode, substance use (no strings attached to current, former, daily, random), revert, recent use... these and other suggestions can be found on this question posed on [https://twitter.com/imaracingmom/status/1519975031778033665 Twitter] in the comments. | ||
==Articles, Websites, Blogs== | ==Articles, Websites, Blogs - Relapse== | ||
===2019: [https://denicarise.medium.com/its-time-to-quit-using-stigmatized-words-like-relapse-87c1ab14fa56 It’s Time to Quit Using… Stigmatized Words Like Relapse]=== | ===2019: [https://denicarise.medium.com/its-time-to-quit-using-stigmatized-words-like-relapse-87c1ab14fa56 It’s Time to Quit Using… Stigmatized Words Like Relapse]=== | ||
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*Our language activates implicit cognitive scripts that give meaning to what we try to convey and communicate. | *Our language activates implicit cognitive scripts that give meaning to what we try to convey and communicate. | ||
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='''"Black Words - Example: Black Market"'''= | ='''"Black Words - Example: Black Market"'''= | ||
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*"In a continuation of the “Say This Instead” series, let’s look at the pervasive symbolism of “white” as positive and “black” as negative in the English language. Words like “blackmail” (related to extortion), “blackball” (rejection), “blacklist” (banishment), and “black market” (illicitness) are so woven into the fabric of our language that we often don’t reflect on their racist overtones. The meaning of these phrases is always something undesirable. It perpetuates a systemic stigma caused by using the same terms that describe the color of our skin as a delineation between good and bad. Based on our use of these words, “black” is bad and “white” is good." | *"In a continuation of the “Say This Instead” series, let’s look at the pervasive symbolism of “white” as positive and “black” as negative in the English language. Words like “blackmail” (related to extortion), “blackball” (rejection), “blacklist” (banishment), and “black market” (illicitness) are so woven into the fabric of our language that we often don’t reflect on their racist overtones. The meaning of these phrases is always something undesirable. It perpetuates a systemic stigma caused by using the same terms that describe the color of our skin as a delineation between good and bad. Based on our use of these words, “black” is bad and “white” is good." | ||
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='''"ANTZ, Karen, Shill, etc."'''= | ='''"ANTZ, Karen, Shill, etc."'''= | ||
*Comment from Skip, the creator of this wiki page: | *Comment from Skip, the creator of this wiki page: | ||
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*Both sides of the debate tend to aim this slur (without proof) at people they disagree with. Often to accuse someone of working in the tobacco industry or accuse someone of having their pockets lined by a wealthy funder who pushes a specific agenda. It is an attempt to discredit another person. | *Both sides of the debate tend to aim this slur (without proof) at people they disagree with. Often to accuse someone of working in the tobacco industry or accuse someone of having their pockets lined by a wealthy funder who pushes a specific agenda. It is an attempt to discredit another person. | ||
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='''Words Matter - Lessons Learned: Drugs, Alcohol, Race, Gender, Mental Health, Weight, etc.'''= | ='''Words Matter - Lessons Learned: Drugs, Alcohol, Race, Gender, Mental Health, Weight, etc.'''= | ||
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*"The use of labels is one way stigma is perpetuated by eliciting the label's stereotyped narratives onto an individual or group. Within harm reduction discourse, the word "addict" can have detrimental effects on how the public perceives people experiencing addiction and their deservingness of pragmatic services. This article aims to draw attention to the inattention we give "addict" in language and explain how its routine use in society acts to perpetuate addiction stigma. Using the example of supervised injection site opposition in Canada, the use of "addict" is used as a way to understand how stigma through language works to impede the expansion of harm reduction initiatives." | *"The use of labels is one way stigma is perpetuated by eliciting the label's stereotyped narratives onto an individual or group. Within harm reduction discourse, the word "addict" can have detrimental effects on how the public perceives people experiencing addiction and their deservingness of pragmatic services. This article aims to draw attention to the inattention we give "addict" in language and explain how its routine use in society acts to perpetuate addiction stigma. Using the example of supervised injection site opposition in Canada, the use of "addict" is used as a way to understand how stigma through language works to impede the expansion of harm reduction initiatives." | ||
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=='''Articles, Websites, Blogs'''== | =='''Articles, Websites, Blogs'''== | ||
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