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*What emerged from this review is current anti-smoking campaigns are not effective for smokers who are living in poverty. These findings suggest that anti-smoking campaigns need to limit stigma and build programs that are effective for all socio-economic classes. | *What emerged from this review is current anti-smoking campaigns are not effective for smokers who are living in poverty. These findings suggest that anti-smoking campaigns need to limit stigma and build programs that are effective for all socio-economic classes. | ||
*Anti-smoking campaigns have been used for the last three decades, and while there has been a decrease in smokers across the US, the number of smokers living in poverty has remained relatively unchanged. The research points to the use of stigma as a possible reason for smokers who are living in poverty to not stop smoking. The use of stigma to help a population, who may be stigmatized for multiple reasons, has shown through the research, to be a poor tool in moving them towards a smoke free life. The use of stigma in public health campaigns may lead to making things worse for smokers who live in poverty through discrimination in hiring policies and other unintended consequences. | *Anti-smoking campaigns have been used for the last three decades, and while there has been a decrease in smokers across the US, the number of smokers living in poverty has remained relatively unchanged. The research points to the use of stigma as a possible reason for smokers who are living in poverty to not stop smoking. The use of stigma to help a population, who may be stigmatized for multiple reasons, has shown through the research, to be a poor tool in moving them towards a smoke free life. The use of stigma in public health campaigns may lead to making things worse for smokers who live in poverty through discrimination in hiring policies and other unintended consequences. | ||
===2016: [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2513450 Likelihood of Unemployed Smokers vs Nonsmokers Attaining Reemployment in a One-Year Observational Study]=== | |||
*Smokers had a lower likelihood of reemployment at 1 year and were paid significantly less than nonsmokers when reemployed. | |||
===2015: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630105/ The Downside of Tobacco Control? Smoking and Self-Stigma: A systematic review]=== | ===2015: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630105/ The Downside of Tobacco Control? Smoking and Self-Stigma: A systematic review]=== | ||
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