Myth Busting: Difference between revisions

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=Myth ENDS - Gateway to smoking=

===Please see the page: [https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php/Myth:_Alternative_nicotine_products_are_a_gateway_to_smoking Myth: Alternative nicotine products are a gateway to smoking]===

===2021: Truth [https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/e-zigaretten-als-einstieg-zum-zigarettenrauchen/ E-cigarettes as an introduction to cigarette smoking?]===

*Statements:

*; Prof. Dr. Ute Mons, Head of the Cardiovascular Epidemiology of Aging Working Group, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Cologne University Hospital : “Since there was no statistical control for possible disruptive factors, a causal interpretation, as it is heard between the lines by the authors, is not justified. It should also be taken into account that the study period ran from 2013 to 2017, but the sale of e-cigarettes to young people in the USA was not banned until 2016.For a long time, e-cigarettes were simply more readily available to young people than conventional cigarettes."

*; Prof. Dr. Daniel Kotz, Professor of Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Institute for General Practice, University Hospital Düsseldorf : “Overall, there is no clear scientific evidence that e-cigarettes are an entry point into tobacco consumption for adolescents and young adults. It is more likely that a personal basic inclination towards nicotine products and the social environment influence the consumption of e-cigarettes or tobacco independently of one another (so-called common liability theory). International studies show that tobacco smoking is falling among adolescents, even in countries where the consumption of e-cigarettes has increased [2]. This contradicts the so-called gateway theory."

*;Prof. Dr. Heino Stöver, Managing Director of the Institute for Addiction Research Frankfurt (ISFF), Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences : “The study is not suitable for making valid statements about e-cigarettes. The main weak point of the study is that it does not take into account the motives for smoking. According to the current state of research, there is no significant causal relationship between the use of e-cigarettes and subsequent smoking. The research situation points in the opposite direction: The majority of adolescents use e-cigarettes no more than experimenting or occasionally using them. In the future, a research design is required that not only examines correlation but also real causality. Unfortunately, this is still not the case. Not even in this study. Such shortcomings underestimate the great and positive role of the e-cigarette in smoking cessation.With 95 percent fewer pollutants than conventional cigarettes, they are well suited for smokers who want to get rid of their addiction and minimize their risk."

*Debunked Study: [https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2021/01/08/peds.2020-025122 Use of E-cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products and Progression to Daily Cigarette Smoking]

===2021: Truth Testimony in Netherlands pertaining to a potential flavour / flavor ban: [https://www.clivebates.com/documents/NLFlavoursResponseJan2021.pdf Regulation of e-cigarette flavours – a response]===

~~: Signed by 24 experts from around the world~~

~~: Covers 12 key points~~

===2018: Truth [https://dailycaller.com/2018/01/07/expert-debunks-vaping-gateway-myth-ripping-bad-science-in-service-of-bad-theories/ Expert Debunks Vaping ‘Gateway’ Myth, Ripping ‘Bad Science In Service Of Bad Theories’]===

~~: The recent studies claiming vaping leads to smoking only prove that youths experiment, and they cannot show the true cause behind teen smoking, which is at a record low.~~

===2018: Truth [https://rodutobaccotruth.blogspot.com/2018/01/tobacco-gateway-report-omits-important.html Tobacco Gateway Report Omits Important Information]===

: The Chaffee article emphasizes odds ratios but omits or obscures important contextual information. While teens who try one tobacco product are more likely to try another, the dominant gateway in the PATH survey was from no previous tobacco use to cigarettes.

*Debunked Study [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2666219 Association of Noncigarette Tobacco Product Use With Future Cigarette Smoking Among Youth in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013-2015]

===2017: Truth [https://dailycaller.com/2017/08/30/vaping-study-sinks-claims-e-cigarettes-are-hooking-teens-on-tobacco/ Vaping Study Sinks Claims E-Cigarettes Are Hooking Teens On Tobacco]===

~~: The hysteria over vaping allegedly serving as a gateway to smoking for teens is unfounded and goes against scientific evidence, according to a new study.~~

===2016: Truth Blog: [https://www.clivebates.com/how-not-to-be-duped-by-gateway-effect-claims/ How not to be duped by gateway effect claims]===

: There are just too many desperately biased academic papers making ridiculous claims based on data and methods that could never describe a gateway effect. We should be looking at what is happening to the main trends in youth smoking, and this shows rapid declines in smoking and at a faster rate as vaping has risen. When you look at the full picture the data far more consistent with the vaping gateway being an ‘exit’ from smoking than an entrance.

*Truth Blog: [http://tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.com/2016/06/new-pediatrics-study-provides.html New Pediatrics Study Provides Absolutely No Evidence that E-Cigarettes are a Gateway to Smoking]

: The study counted anyone who had even puffed a cigarette once as being a smoker. So theoretically, a subject could have had a single puff of an e-cigarette and hated it, and then had a single puff of a cigarette and hated it, and they would be considered someone who initiated smoking because of vaping first.

*Truth Statements: [https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-study-on-e-cigarettes-and-future-cigarette-use/ Expert reaction to study on e-cigarettes and future cigarette use]

*; Prof. Ann McNeill, Professor of Tobacco Addiction at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London : “The gateway hypothesis in the addictions field is frequently used but is highly contested as it has a poor evidence base in general. This study does nothing to strengthen that evidence base.”

*; Prof. Peter Hajek, Director of the Tobacco Dependence Research Unit at Queen Mary University of London : "Like several previous studies of this type, this one just shows that people who try things, try things."

*Debunked Study: [https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/06/10/peds.2016-0379 E-Cigarettes and Future Cigarette Use]

*Debunked Article: [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-ecigarettes-idUSKCN0YZ0C0 Vaping teens more apt to move on to regular cigarettes: U.S. study]

===2015: Truth [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4454978/ Gateway Effects: Why the Cited Evidence Does Not Support Their Existence for Low-Risk Tobacco Products (and What Evidence Would)]===

: The simple counts of when subjects first tried a cigarette show earlier smoking among those who had tried e-cigarettes as compared to those who never tried e-cigarettes, which by itself is enough to favor the THR interpretation over the gateway interpretation.

=Myth ENDS - Heavy Metals at dangerous levels=

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=Graphics and Memes about Nicotine Myths=

=== [[Mythbusters|Mythbusters campaign logos, badges, stickers, graphics and social media posts]] ===

'''sets of ready to use graphic images and posts in multiple languages.'''

[[File:Bias_Explanation.jpg|Bias]]

: '''Possible explanation for the lack of unbiased research in the United States'''

[[File:Cotton_candy2.jpg|Cotton Candy by age]]

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*A striking feature of the data is that almost all e-cigarette users were either current or former smokers of combustible tobacco.

*Among respondents who had never smoked combustible tobacco, we find no evidence that current or former e-cigarette use is associated with respiratory disease.

[https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w27507/w27507.pdf Link to PDF]

*[https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w27507/w27507.pdf Link to PDF]

===2020: Article: [https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2020/january/youth-vaping.html?fbclid=IwAR2DeqxR69ytUzIXbRfrAOU16q7Pra-JjFdHM6B09JJJton3xHewqOLdUmM Most Young People Do Not Vape, and Even Fewer Vape Regularly]===

~~===2019: Blog: [https://www.clivebates.com/the-great-american-youth-vaping-epidemic-really/ The great American youth vaping epidemic. Really?]===~~

===[https://twitter.com/jkelovuori/status/1349746509605195777 suggestions on twitter]===

===2020: Truth Blog: [https://catallaxyfiles.com/2020/12/02/dodgy-stats-on-the-gateway-hypothesis/ Dodgy stats on the Gateway Hypothesis]===

~~===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32335976/ Electronic cigarettes, nicotine use trends and use initiation ages among US adolescents from 1999 to 2018]===~~

~~===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31680169/ The Relationship Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Conventional Cigarette Smoking Is Largely Attributable to Shared Risk Factors]===~~

~~===2018: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29065204/ The Role of Nicotine Dependence in E-Cigarettes' Potential for Smoking Reduction]===~~

~~===2017: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/add.14013 Evaluating the mutual pathways among electronic cigarette use, conventional smoking and nicotine dependence]===~~

===2015: Truth Blog: [https://antithrlies.com/2015/09/25/is-ecigs-are-a-gateway-the-new-addiction-i-e-fiercely-debated-in-the-absence-of-defining-the-term/ Is “ecigs are a gateway” the new “addiction”? (i.e., fiercely debated in the absence of defining the term)]===

===2015: Truth Statement: [https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/5/5439/htm settings Open AccessArticle Gateway Effects: Why the Cited Evidence Does Not Support Their Existence for Low-Risk Tobacco Products (and What Evidence Would)]===

===2015: Truth Blog: [https://www.clivebates.com/jama-paper-finds-some-adolescents-experiment-with-stuff-so-what/ JAMA paper finds some adolescents experiment with stuff – so what?]===

===2014: Truth Evaluation: [https://clivebates.com/documents/JAMAcomment.pdf Youth Experimentation With e-Cigarettes Another Interpretation of the Data]===

===2013: Truth Blog: [https://www.clivebates.com/we-need-to-talk-about-the-children-the-gateway-effect-examined/ We need to talk about the children – the gateway effect examined]===

===[https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/biotech/sdut-e-cigarette-reporting-wrong-2016jan03-story.html E-cig reporting: What went wrong?]===

@@ Line 111: / Line 111: @@
 =<span style="background-color: rgb(51, 254, 255);" data-mce-style="background-color: #33FEFF;">Myth</span> ENDS - Gateway to smoking=
+===Please see the page: [https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php/Myth:_Alternative_nicotine_products_are_a_gateway_to_smoking Myth: Alternative nicotine products are a gateway to smoking]===
-===2021: <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 57, 33);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ff5733;">Truth</span> [https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/e-zigaretten-als-einstieg-zum-zigarettenrauchen/ E-cigarettes as an introduction to cigarette smoking?]===
-*Statements:
-*; Prof. Dr. Ute Mons, Head of the Cardiovascular Epidemiology of Aging Working Group, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Cologne University Hospital : “Since there was no statistical control for possible disruptive factors, a causal interpretation, as it is heard between the lines by the authors, is not justified. It should also be taken into account that the study period ran from 2013 to 2017, but the sale of e-cigarettes to young people in the USA was not banned until 2016.For a long time, e-cigarettes were simply more readily available to young people than conventional cigarettes."
-*; Prof. Dr. Daniel Kotz, Professor of Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Institute for General Practice, University Hospital Düsseldorf : “Overall, there is no clear scientific evidence that e-cigarettes are an entry point into tobacco consumption for adolescents and young adults. It is more likely that a personal basic inclination towards nicotine products and the social environment influence the consumption of e-cigarettes or tobacco independently of one another (so-called common liability theory). International studies show that tobacco smoking is falling among adolescents, even in countries where the consumption of e-cigarettes has increased [2]. This contradicts the so-called gateway theory."
-*;Prof. Dr. Heino Stöver, Managing Director of the Institute for Addiction Research Frankfurt (ISFF), Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences : “The study is not suitable for making valid statements about e-cigarettes. The main weak point of the study is that it does not take into account the motives for smoking. According to the current state of research, there is no significant causal relationship between the use of e-cigarettes and subsequent smoking. The research situation points in the opposite direction: The majority of adolescents use e-cigarettes no more than experimenting or occasionally using them. In the future, a research design is required that not only examines correlation but also real causality. Unfortunately, this is still not the case. Not even in this study. Such shortcomings underestimate the great and positive role of the e-cigarette in smoking cessation.With 95 percent fewer pollutants than conventional cigarettes, they are well suited for smokers who want to get rid of their addiction and minimize their risk."
-*<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">Debunked</span> Study: [https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2021/01/08/peds.2020-025122 Use of E-cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products and Progression to Daily Cigarette Smoking]
-===2021: <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 57, 33);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ff5733;">Truth</span> Testimony in Netherlands pertaining to a potential flavour / flavor ban: [https://www.clivebates.com/documents/NLFlavoursResponseJan2021.pdf Regulation of e-cigarette flavours – a response]===
-: Signed by 24 experts from around the world
-: Covers 12 key points
-===2018: <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 57, 33);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ff5733;">Truth</span> [https://dailycaller.com/2018/01/07/expert-debunks-vaping-gateway-myth-ripping-bad-science-in-service-of-bad-theories/ Expert Debunks Vaping ‘Gateway’ Myth, Ripping ‘Bad Science In Service Of Bad Theories’]===
-: The recent studies claiming vaping leads to smoking only prove that youths experiment, and they cannot show the true cause behind teen smoking, which is at a record low.
-===2018: <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 57, 33);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ff5733;">Truth</span> [https://rodutobaccotruth.blogspot.com/2018/01/tobacco-gateway-report-omits-important.html Tobacco Gateway Report Omits Important Information]===
-: The Chaffee article emphasizes odds ratios but omits or obscures important contextual information.  While teens who try one tobacco product are more likely to try another, the dominant gateway in the PATH survey was from no previous tobacco use to cigarettes.
-*<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">Debunked</span> Study  [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2666219 Association of Noncigarette Tobacco Product Use With Future Cigarette Smoking Among Youth in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013-2015]
-===2017: <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 57, 33);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ff5733;">Truth</span> [https://dailycaller.com/2017/08/30/vaping-study-sinks-claims-e-cigarettes-are-hooking-teens-on-tobacco/ Vaping Study Sinks Claims E-Cigarettes Are Hooking Teens On Tobacco]===
-: The hysteria over vaping allegedly serving as a gateway to smoking for teens is unfounded and goes against scientific evidence, according to a new study.
-===2016: <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 57, 33);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ff5733;">Truth</span> Blog: [https://www.clivebates.com/how-not-to-be-duped-by-gateway-effect-claims/ How not to be duped by gateway effect claims]===
-: There are just too many desperately biased academic papers making ridiculous claims based on data and methods that could never describe a gateway effect. We should be looking at what is happening to the main trends in youth smoking, and this shows rapid declines in smoking and at a faster rate as vaping has risen.  When you look at the full picture the data far more consistent with the vaping gateway being an ‘exit’ from smoking than an entrance.
-*<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 57, 33);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ff5733;">Truth</span> Blog: [http://tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.com/2016/06/new-pediatrics-study-provides.html New Pediatrics Study Provides Absolutely No Evidence that E-Cigarettes are a Gateway to Smoking]
-: The study counted anyone who had even puffed a cigarette once as being a smoker. So theoretically, a subject could have had a single puff of an e-cigarette and hated it, and then had a single puff of a cigarette and hated it, and they would be considered someone who initiated smoking because of vaping first.
-*<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 57, 33);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ff5733;">Truth</span> Statements: [https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-study-on-e-cigarettes-and-future-cigarette-use/ Expert reaction to study on e-cigarettes and future cigarette use]
-*; Prof. Ann McNeill, Professor of Tobacco Addiction at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London : “The gateway hypothesis in the addictions field is frequently used but is highly contested as it has a poor evidence base in general. This study does nothing to strengthen that evidence base.”
-*; Prof. Peter Hajek, Director of the Tobacco Dependence Research Unit at Queen Mary University of London : "Like several previous studies of this type, this one just shows that people who try things, try things."
-*<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">Debunked</span> Study: [https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/06/10/peds.2016-0379 E-Cigarettes and Future Cigarette Use]
-*<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">Debunked</span> Article: [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-ecigarettes-idUSKCN0YZ0C0 Vaping teens more apt to move on to regular cigarettes: U.S. study]
-===2015: <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 57, 33);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ff5733;">Truth</span> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4454978/ Gateway Effects: Why the Cited Evidence Does Not Support Their Existence for Low-Risk Tobacco Products (and What Evidence Would)]===
-: The simple counts of when subjects first tried a cigarette show earlier smoking among those who had tried e-cigarettes as compared to those who never tried e-cigarettes, which by itself is enough to favor the THR interpretation over the gateway interpretation.
 =<span style="background-color: rgb(51, 254, 255);" data-mce-style="background-color: #33FEFF;">Myth</span> ENDS - Heavy Metals at dangerous levels=
@@ Line 347: / Line 309: @@
 =Graphics and Memes about Nicotine Myths=
+=== [[Mythbusters|Mythbusters campaign logos, badges, stickers, graphics and social media posts]] ===
+'''sets of ready to use graphic images and posts in multiple languages.'''
 [[File:Bias_Explanation.jpg|Bias]]
 : '''Possible explanation for the lack of unbiased research in the United States'''
 [[File:Cotton_candy2.jpg|Cotton Candy by age]]
@@ Line 372: / Line 335: @@
 *A striking feature of the data is that almost all e-cigarette users were either current or former smokers of combustible tobacco.
 *Among respondents who had never smoked combustible tobacco, we find no evidence that current or former e-cigarette use is associated with respiratory disease.
-[https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w27507/w27507.pdf Link to PDF]
+*[https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w27507/w27507.pdf Link to PDF]
-===2020: Article: [https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2020/january/youth-vaping.html?fbclid=IwAR2DeqxR69ytUzIXbRfrAOU16q7Pra-JjFdHM6B09JJJton3xHewqOLdUmM Most Young People Do Not Vape, and Even Fewer Vape Regularly]===
-===2019: Blog: [https://www.clivebates.com/the-great-american-youth-vaping-epidemic-really/ The great American youth vaping epidemic. Really?]===
 ===[https://twitter.com/jkelovuori/status/1349746509605195777 suggestions on twitter]===
-===2020: <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 57, 33);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ff5733;">Truth</span> Blog: [https://catallaxyfiles.com/2020/12/02/dodgy-stats-on-the-gateway-hypothesis/ Dodgy stats on the Gateway Hypothesis]===
-===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32335976/ Electronic cigarettes, nicotine use trends and use initiation ages among US adolescents from 1999 to 2018]===
-===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31680169/ The Relationship Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Conventional Cigarette Smoking Is Largely Attributable to Shared Risk Factors]===
-===2018: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29065204/ The Role of Nicotine Dependence in E-Cigarettes' Potential for Smoking Reduction]===
-===2017: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/add.14013 Evaluating the mutual pathways among electronic cigarette use, conventional smoking and nicotine dependence]===
-===2015: <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 57, 33);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ff5733;">Truth</span> Blog: [https://antithrlies.com/2015/09/25/is-ecigs-are-a-gateway-the-new-addiction-i-e-fiercely-debated-in-the-absence-of-defining-the-term/ Is “ecigs are a gateway” the new “addiction”? (i.e., fiercely debated in the absence of defining the term)]===
-===2015: <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 57, 33);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ff5733;">Truth</span> Statement: [https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/5/5439/htm settings Open AccessArticle Gateway Effects: Why the Cited Evidence Does Not Support Their Existence for Low-Risk Tobacco Products (and What Evidence Would)]===
-===2015: <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 57, 33);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ff5733;">Truth</span> Blog: [https://www.clivebates.com/jama-paper-finds-some-adolescents-experiment-with-stuff-so-what/ JAMA paper finds some adolescents experiment with stuff – so what?]===
-===2014: <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 57, 33);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ff5733;">Truth</span> Evaluation: [https://clivebates.com/documents/JAMAcomment.pdf Youth Experimentation With e-Cigarettes Another Interpretation of the Data]===
-===2013: <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 57, 33);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ff5733;">Truth</span> Blog: [https://www.clivebates.com/we-need-to-talk-about-the-children-the-gateway-effect-examined/ We need to talk about the children – the gateway effect examined]===
 ===[https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/biotech/sdut-e-cigarette-reporting-wrong-2016jan03-story.html E-cig reporting: What went wrong?]===